Jazz Final Questions

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CUNY Hunter College *

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217

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Arts Humanities

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Apr 3, 2024

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pdf

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Questions asked in class 1. What were the most salient features that distinguish hard bop from bop? a. Hard bop → kinetic rhymes and singable, vocal-based melodies i. “Song for my father” 2. Why is hard bop called the first crossover jazz style? a. It mixed R&B and jazz, so it appealed to two market consumers and reclaimed the African-American audiences b. The musicians weren’t aiming for a crossover hit nor paying attention to the market, they were just following the people 3. What features of African-American culture are manifested by individual musicians? a. musical features and honorifics. 4. What is the rondo form? a. A B A C A .......... n A 5. How did Third Stream get its name? a. First stream was considered to be jazz, second stream was considered European music, and third stream is a combination of the two 6. Outline the bop form a. Refrain →solo → refrain b. Alto saxophone, drums, bass, piano, trumpet 7. Why did bop fail to attract a mass audience? a. Bop musicians expected African American audiences to follow them immediately, but people couldn’t dance or sing to it. They were trying to bring in all of these
skills European art musicians used, and they wanted to show they had these skills too and they could apply it to bop b. It also developed without an audience listening because the record band couldn't issue recordings, then 8. What was the basis for cool to die out? a. The cool musicians have not developed high levels of improvisation skills, it was removed from the black experience in its vitality 9. What were the previous departures from previous styles that Dave Brubeck made? a. Time signatures b. Credited with the intellectualization of jazz. Some people call it progressive jazz. c. He had college audiences and opened up a new market and became very lucrative to him. College students would invite him to play and pay him well and was an affirmation of intellectualization. d. “Take Five” where you are dividing the bar into 5s, 7s, and 9s 10. What are the instruments in the Miles Davis nonet? a. trumpet, piano, drums, tuba, trombone, french horn, alto saxophone, baritone saxophone, string bass b. The first Gold Album of Miles Davis in 1970 11. By 1940 the 19th amendment of the constitution had been in effect for 2 decades, list 4 women jazz musicians on any instrument who achieved national provenance. 12. Essay question – why was bop created and in what setting? 13. What are the four main characteristics of the free jazz style?
a. Cultural influence → Concepts of structuring music were taken from various musical cultures throughout the world. Examples are Coltrane's Africa and India. b. Change in rhythm section → The role of the rhythm section was changed so that the drummer added sheets of sound and other ways of articulating color or timbre to regularly articulated pulses, the bassist used modal approaches, and the pianist played open fourths and fifths. c. They used local and world musical instruments to re-create the many soundscapes in which they lived. Within some soundscapes were conveyor belts, airplanes, birthday party noisemakers, bicycle horns, and a yo-yo. d. The theme of universal brotherhood and filial piety 14. What concepts did free jazz take from African and Indian music? a. The tonal melodic ideas from India. The concept of the indian raga art, allowed them to move away from tonal major and minor scales (Raga is a type of scale in India) b. African temporal structures → focused on long and short beats 15. What were the problems that had to be solved for jazz fusion? a. A combination of rock and jazz → rock had less improve, simpler chord progressions, more repetition. Jazz musicians had to adjust to the use of electric instruments. The rock musicians had a larger percussion section. b. For example, Afro-cuban synthesis and there was a problem bc you have people front wo different groups and so the harmonic conceptions of someone like Dizzy Gillespie bc he created one of those bands had to adjust so that the musicians like Mongo Santamaría could understand the harmonies and complex rhymes. So that
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