Homework Questions 9

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Apr 3, 2024

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Malayzia Roseboro 1. Describe the historical genesis of the diffusion of innovations theory. - Diffusion of innovations theory can be traced back to the early 1900s when a French sociologist wrote The Laws of Imitation which looked at factors that helped innovations spread. Empirical work with the diffusion of innovations theory began with a hybrid seed corn study conducted by rural sociologists Bryce Ryan and Neal Gross. Hybrid seeds were developed in 1928. Their use increases a harvest by more than 20%. The applications of the diffusion of innovations theory in public health, health promotion, and health education began with immunization campaigns and family planning programs. 2. Discuss the five attributes of innovations. - (1) Innovators are the first to try to innovation and often the first to develop new ideas. (2) Early adopters are the representation of opinion leaders, and these types of leaders are aware of the need for change and are comfortable with adopting new ideas to do so. (3) Early majority is the majority of people that adopt new ideas before the average person but, need evidence that shows that the innovation works. (4) Late majority is the people that only adopt an innovation after it has been tried by the majority. They’re skeptical to change and have a low tolerance for uncertainty. (5) Laggards are more traditional in their disposition, are relatively isolated, have precarious economic situations, and are suspicious of change. 4. Describe the four constructs of the diffusion of innovations theory. 1. Innovation refers to an idea, practice, or product (including services) that is perceived as new by an individual or other unit of adoption. newness regarding the decision to adopt pertains to the situation in which the potential adopter has not formed a positive or negative attitude about using the product, practice, or idea. Innovations are of three types: incremental innovations, distinctive innovations, and breakthrough innovations. 2. Communication channels are the links between those who possess know-how regarding the innovation and those who have not yet adopted that innovation. They are the way messages are transferred between individuals. Communication channels are of three kinds: mass media channels, interpersonal channels, and interactive communication channels, such as the Internet. 3. Time refers to the interval between becoming aware of an idea and adopting the idea. This can take from days to years, depending on the innovation. The time construct is involved with the diffusion of innovations in three ways the innovation-decision process, adopter categories, and rate of adoption. 4. Social System implies that people are part of a society that is composed of individuals, groups, organizations, or communities and that people are connected by common goals. An important aspect of the social system is how similar the group members are. 5. Discuss the limitations of the diffusion of innovations theory. - The preconception that innovation should be diffused and adopted by all members of society in a rapid manner without rejection or reinvention. This is often not possible with many health promotion and education objectives. Another limitation is the focus on linear-stage models of
decision-making with the diffusion of innovations theory can be problematic. Often the path is uneven, and results that fit the S-shaped curve are not achieved.
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