The Progressive era and African American education

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IMPACT OF PROGRESSIVE ERA ON AFRICAN AMERICANS 1 The Impact of the Progressive on African American Education Shanay Y. Howard School of Education, Liberty University Author Note Shanay Y. Howard I have no known conflict of interest to disclose. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Shanay Y. Howard Email: showard91@liberty.edu

IMPACT OF PROGRESSIVE ERA ON AFRICAN AMERICANS 2 Abstract The central theme of the Progressive era when it comes to the education of African Americans is seen as the population being overlooked, ill served and neglected (Franklin, 1999; Johanningmeier, 2006; Kridle, 2020). Research discusses the progressive era, its purpose, and goals but, ultimately gave light to how African Americans had to navigate social inequality and racism to fulfill their goals for their students. The progressive era also centered around the development of children, referred to generally as child-centered learning. The progressive era gave way to the birth of great African American leaders that pushed, African Americans and their students during a time, where they could have easily been forgotten. Keywords: Progressive Era, child-centered learning, inequality

IMPACT OF PROGRESSIVE ERA ON AFRICAN AMERICANS 3 The Impact of the Progressive on African American Education The progressive era navigated the times as launching what we now call the modern public school system. While its focus was on the education of all, there were some inequities seen in funding, race and overall curriculum (Franklin, 1999; Johanningmeier, 2006). The progressive era for African Americans was one that has been discussed by researchers and writers as being one where they were overlooked. Due to the time period, this is no shock. However, the progressive era gave way to the birth and push of great African American leaders that pushed African Americans and their students during a time, where they could have been easily been forgotten. Kridel (2020) gives us, what many writers of this time have stated, that during the progressive era, black education and educators were overlooked and somewhat forgotten (Kridel, 2020). Kridel also gives some light into the Secondary School study that was for black educators and its children and was apart of the progressive era. Often, we have seen and heard the progressive era mainly focused on rich white children but this study showed us differently ( Kridel, 2020). African American teachers had to combat social inequality, inadequate funding and blatant racism all while pushing to teach their students (Kridel, 2020). Progressive education can be defined by what educators did to make sure their students grew effectively and matured beautifully, additionally where individuals had the courageous willingness to examine critically educational procedures ( Kridle, 2020). Blacks in the progressive era had a hard time defining roles when the era generally benefited white men ( Franklin, 1999). As the author explains, in the article, blacks were only a marginal portion of the progressive era and the struggle for social change(Franklin, 1999). This effected the education of African American students. The

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