BSmith T5 Decision Making and Policy

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1 Decision Making and Policy Brittany Loralyn Smith College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Grand Canyon University ADM-624 Public Governance Dr. Linda Fontenot November 22, 2023

2 Intergovernmental Relations "Big Questions about Intergovernmental Relations and Management: Who Will Address Them?" is an article in which Kincaid and Stenberg talk about state and municipal government management and intergovernmental relations. Since the abolishment of the U.S. Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations in 1996, intergovernmental issues have been the cause of conflict and tension among partners in the federal system (Kincaid & Stenberg, 2011). Kincaid and Stenberg pose queries on problems with intergovernmental processes and ways to improve communication between the various governmental levels. The borders that separate the various government management branches within the federal system are covered in this article based on cooperative efforts. Question 1 “Can intergovernmental relations generate more effective and efficient policies and implementation without restoring the primacy of the “governmental” in intergovernmental?” I believe that the question if intergovernmental relations can generate more effective and efficient policies without having the federal government involved was answered, the Tenth Amendment of the Constitution states that “The powers not delegated to the unites States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserves to the states respectively, or to the people,” meaning that elected state officials represent its people and have their best interest in mind (Lombardo, 2014). The U.S. Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations (ACIR) was created on the same constitutional premise and uphold the basis that it is the elected federal, state, and local officials to develop and manage intergovernmental initiatives (Kincaid & Stenberg, 2011). Intergovernmental relations are essential but will remain “governmental” as the

3 state and local governments are firmly established by the Constitution (Kincaid & Stenberg, 2011). It is important to note that intergovernmental relations can generate more effective and efficient policies and implementations because the state and local governments know the needs of the people and of the federal government (Lombardo, 2014). “Governance” could not be restored seeing that there is universal solution the federal government can create for all states and local governments. Question 2 “ Should local governments have a more prominent seat at the intergovernmental table?” Kincaid and Stenberg state that during the New Deal, local governments were given a place at the intergovernmental table allowing federal aid to flow directly to local governments, often competing with state superiors due to the concern that federal funding distributed through state agencies to support local needs, they would fall short of their goals. Local municipalities lost ground to state governments in terms of controlling financial resources, both state and local governments look for new sources of revenue to compensate for federal funding cuts in order to balance their budgets (Holst, 2005). Local governments face the fiscal stress that states will reduce their aid and shift expenses to municipalities to cover if states cannot find additional revenue (Holst, 2005). Local governments have been pushed to the back burner as federal funding shifted, causing a notable reduction for local governments and the elimination of the Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations in 1996, in which local governments occupied majority of the ACIR’s seats (Kincaid & Stenberg, 2011). Although more than half of federal aid is allocated to individual social needs, a concern of local governments, this is a responsibility of the federal government (Kincaid & Stenberg, 2011). It is important to have local governments in a more prominent seat at the intergovernmental table because they shape

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