History_of_Popular_Music_Study_and_Discussion_2_

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Jan 9, 2024

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History of Popular Music Study and Discussion Group: # 1 Team Members: Sean H, Ahmed H, Rebekah T, Isaiah C Question and Answers Chapter 7: 3) How did the evolution of radio and recording technology impact the development of country music? The invention of radio played a major role in the evolution of music. The earliest country music broadcasted was in 1992 on Atlanta's WSB. Radio was beneficial for reaching country music into isolated areas that lacked roads or rail access. Lots of local and regional businesses owned many of the stations and were commercially sponsored by the makers of patent medications which maintained a link between country and old-time touring medicine shows. Radio also heavily influenced performance styles. For example, as microphone technology advanced, you could hear more of a singer's personality. 9) What was the significance of Kitty Wells, Patsy Cline, Loretta Lynn, and Dolly Parton to country music. Country originated as a male - dominated genre and after Sara Carter retired in the 1940’s, country music saw almost no women for close to 10 years. In 1952 however, Kitty Wells released “It Wasn’t God Who Made Honky- Tonk Angels” and was voiced by a woman's perspective on everyday life. Kitty wrote the song in response to Hank Thompson’s hit, “The Wild Side Of Life”. Patsy Cline was the first “bad-girl” superstar of country music. She was a skilled performer and embellished her fill-voiced vocal tone with bent notes, sighs, and sensual growls that enabled her to cross over from country to pop. Loretta Lynn was a close friend of Patsy Cline and her rise filled the void left by Cline’s death. Loretta Lynn’s 40 year career was talked about in her 1980 film autobiography, “ Coal Miner’s Daughter”. Lynn offered songs about the female perspectives in her everyday life including in her song “Don’t Come Home Drinking”. Dolly Parton overcame a background of rural poverty to establish a successful career as a singer, songwriter, and a star of film and television. She has written over 3,000 compositions and made both country and pop hits. Her song “Dumb Blonde” punctured stereotypes and made her a regular on the talk Porter Wagoner Show. After finding herself left out of the mix, Dolly Parton returned to her Appalachian roots in the early 2000’s by releasing new music featuring all-acoustic old-time and bluegrass music. Chapter 8: 4) What is the clave rhythm and how does it function in Afro-Caribbean music? Due to their reliance on syncopation and asymmetrical rhythmic patterns, Afro-Caribbean rhythms are noted for their light,' danceable' feeling. Consider the rhythmic pattern known as the clave, to understand how these ideas actually appear in music. "The key, pronounced clah-vay, translates in Spanish to "key. 11) What is salsa? How did it develop? Salsa developed in Cuba in the 1900s, where rhythms were fused to create a new dance from the two main existing types of music in the region (Cuban Son and Afro-Cuban rumba). This fresh rhythm was mixed with American jazz and brought by Cuban musicians to New York. Chapter 9: 5) Tejano orchestras evolved over the years by adding instruments such as accordions and the bajo sexto. It played a big part in tejano culture by bringing other influences from outside to create different sub-genres, such

as Texan music, conjunto and mariachi. 7) The influence of radio was major in the development of chicano music. Always getting inspired by each other, the chicano scene was also impacted when influences were coming from the radio. This allowed them to be creative and incorporate rock, soul, jazz, etc, into their music. 11) Many latin styles of music have taken root in the United States including Texan music, salsa, tango and many others, because the rhythms and sounds are full of life and make you want to dance. Mariachi is certainly very cultural as this type of music is usually performed by small travelling groups wearing traditional costumes, while on the other hand we have bando music, which is another small gathering of musicians who use mostly wind instruments, namely brass. Chapter 12: 2) Bebop was composed of small ensembles predominated: rhythm section which included, Bass, Piano and drums, then was fronted by horns. This style of music focused more on improvising rather than dancing. To play bebop you had to be good but you also had to be fast. Saxophone player Charlie Parker and trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie, played a major role in the development of Bebop. 8) Women were marginalized in jazz because, during the time women were still expected to fill specific gender roles. Topped with the fact that jazz was already a male dominated profession, this caused men to be skeptical of women's ability to play jazz. Major women in jazz in the 90s/2000s were, Big band composer/Arranger Maria Schneider, Drummer Terri Lyne Carrington and Soprano saxophone Jane Ira Bloom. Just to name a few. Chapter 13: 3) In what ways is rock an offshoot of R & B? In what ways is it something completely different? In the two forms, the rhythms used are identical. I would like to note that rock and roll typically includes basic bass, guitar, and drum instrumentation, small ensembles, and purely diatonic chord progressions (mostly just I, IV, V7 or bVII if mixolydian mode is used). On the other side, R&B readily integrates the extended harmonic palette of jazz chords, uses larger ensembles, and can often be found incorporating keyboards, horn parts, woodwinds, and string orchestras. R&B tends toward more bits of mid-tempo and slow-tempo, too. The style of rock singing is simple and descriptive, while the style of R&B singing contains florid melisma and other embellishments. It should also be noticed that in R&B, female singers are far more prevalent than in rock, where male singers predominate strongly. 8) What was the importance of the following regions and artists associated with them: New Orleans, Chicago, and Memphis? The 3 major urban areas - New Orleans, Chicago, and Memphis - Served as important spawning grounds for early rock styles. New Orleans was the birthplace of jazz and was the source of piano-based roots with rock sound. Chicago’s amplified urban blues gave birth to the music of early rockers Chuck Berry and Bo Diddley. Memphis and Sun Records produced a rockabilly hybrid of blues, gospel, and country music, as well as rock’s first megastar, Elvis Presley.

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