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Address to William Henry Harrison (Part 1) Introduction AUDIO Tecumseh (1768–1813) was a Shawnee Native American chief. He dedicated himself to uniting myriad tribes in order to create a strong and united front against the new settlers and founders of the Americas. He strongly urged Native Americans to resist assimilation and maintain their culture and community. In this speech, he confronts William Henry Harrison, an army general at the time who later served as the ninth president of the United States. Tecumseh’s speech, although diplomatic in style, is laced with vivid accounts of betrayal and intimations of retribution. Vocabulary boundary – cease – conduct – determination – explicitly – settle - treachery Word Definition treachery An act of harming or betraying someone who trusts you Determination The ability to keep trying to achieve a difficult goal Settle To resolve a problem or reach an agreement Boundary Something that marks a limit Conduct The way in which a person behaves cease To withdraw from or stop doing something Explicitly Directly stated Read 1 Tecumseh’s Speech to Governor Harrison, 20 August, 1810 Brother, I wish you to listen to me well. I wish to reply to you more explicitly as I think you do not clearly understand what I before said to you. I shall explain it again. When we were first discovered, it was by the French, who told us that they would adopt us as their children and gave us presents, without asking anything in return but our considering them as our fathers. Since we have changed our fathers we find it different. 2 Brother, this is the manner that the treaty was made by us with the French. They gave us many presents and treated us well, they asked us for a small piece of land to live on which they were not to leave and continue to treat us as their children. After some time the British and French came to quarrel, the British were victorious yet the French promised to think of us as their child and if they ever could, serve us to do it: Now my red children I know I was obliged to abandon you in disagreeable circumstances, but we have never ceased to look upon you and if we now could be of service to you we would still be your friends. 3 The next father we found was the British who told us that they would now be our fathers and treat us in the same manner as our former fathers the French. They would occupy the same land they did and not trouble us on ours, but would look on us as their children. 4 Brother, we were very glad to hear the British promise to treat us as our fathers the French had done, they began to treat us in the same way, but at last they changed their good treatment by raising the
tomahawk against the Americans and put it into our hands, by which we have suffered the loss of a great many of our young men. 5 Brother, how we began to discover the treachery of the British; they never troubled us for our lands but they have done worse by inducing us to go to war. The Hurons have particularly suffered during the war and have at length become certain of it— they have told us we must bury the British tomahawk entirely, that if we do not they (the British) would ere long ask us to take it up. 6 You ought to know that after we agreed to bury the tomahawk at Greenville we then found new fathers in the Americans who told us they would treat us well, not like the British who gave us but a small piece of pork every day. 7 I want now to remind you of the promises of the white people. You recollect that at the time the Delawares lived near the white people (Americans) and were satisfied with the promises of friendship and remained in security. Yet one of their towns was surprised and the men, women and children murdered. 8 The same promises were given to the Shawnees. Flags were given to them and they were told by the Americans that they were now children of the Americans. These flags will be as security for you; if the white people intend to do you harm hold up your flags and no harm will be done to you. This was at length practised and the consequence was that the person bearing the flag was murdered with others in their village. How my Brother after this conduct can you blame me for placing little confidence in the promises of our fathers the Americans? 9 Brother, since the peace was made you have killed some of the Shawnees, Winebagoes, Delawares and Miamies and you have taken our lands from us, and I do not see how we can remain at peace with you if you continue to do so. You have given goods to the Kickapoos for the sale of their land which has been the cause of many deaths among them. You have promised us assistance but I do not see that you have given us any. 10 You try to force the red people to do some injury. It is you that is pushing them on to do mischief. You endeavour to make distinctions. You wish to prevent the Indians to do as we wish them: to unite and let them consider their land common property of the whole. 11 You take tribes aside and advise them not to come into this measure and until our design is accomplished we do not wish to accept your invitation to go and visit the President. 12 The reason I tell you this is—you want by your distinctions of Indian tribes in allotting to each a particular track of land to make them to war with each other. You never see an Indian come and endeavour to make the white people do so. You are continually driving the red people when at last you will drive them into the great Lake where they can’t eat or stand or work. Tecumseh’s Goals Source My inferences Land preservation Unite Indian natives} Stop conflicts He stated his goals to governor harrison His speech His actions He tries to persuade about the importance of native American land He tries to unite the
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