QUIZZES NATS.docx

Quiz 14: · How does the Doppler shift or wobble method find planets around stars? o it looks for periodic redshifting and blueshifting of spectral lines of a star · Around which type of star were the first exoplanets discovered? o pulsar · A 'hot Jupiter' is a o planet Jupiter-sized or larger orbiting its star closer than Mercury orbits the Sun · The discovery of which object in the Kuiper belt prompted Mike Brown to re-evaluate Pluto's status as a planet? o Eris · Which nomenclature would be used to describe a planet orbiting the star 51 Pegasi? o 51 Pegasi b · Who discovered Pluto? o Tombaugh · Why is Pluto no longer considered a planet? o It did not clear its orbit · In the radial velocity method, the periodic redshifting and blueshifting of a planet's spectrum helps astronomers determine if a planet is orbiting a star o False · Who first observed a redshifted spectrum of a star? o Huggins · Multiple planets orbiting a star (other than the Sun) have not yet been detected o False Quiz 15: · The mass of an exoplanet can be determined using the transit method. o False · What do astronomers think needs to be present on a planet, in order to have the chance of finding extraterrestrial life? o Water · What is the ‘habitable zone’ around a star? o Where the temperature of a planet could have liquid water

· The planet Kepler 22b could be covered with o Water · Why is it easier to detect planets around M dwarfs? o They are fainter, it is easier to see transits · Which nomenclature would be used to describe a planet orbiting the star 51 Pegasi? o 51 Pegasi b · Have any planets been found in their star’s habitable zone? o Yes/True · The radius of an exoplanet can be determined using the transit method. o True · How is the transit method used to find planets around stars? o It looks for small dips in the brightness of a star · What type of observations do astronomers make to use the transit method to find exoplanets? o Astronomers take multiple images for this method Quiz 16: · Diffuse nebulae are found around o O stars · The Sun will most likely end its life as a o Planetary nebula · What nebula is visible with the naked eye? o All of the above (Andromeda galaxy, Orion nebula, and Large Megellanic Cloud) · What type of spectrum does a nebula have? o Bright line · The reddish or pinkish emission from nebulae comes from which element? o Hydrogen · Planetary nebulae are found around o White dwarfs · What colour are reflection nebulae? o Blue · Which scientist was finally able to solve the mystery of what nebulae were? o Huggins

· When a particle (like a free electron, atom or ion) collides with an ion in a nebula, it can transfer some of its ______________ to the ion. An electron in that ion then jumps to a higher energy level. o Kinetic energy · Which wavelengths are best to observe protoplanetary disks? o Infrared Quiz 17: · Black holes are defined as o Objects with escape velocities greater than the speed of light · What is the name of the most likely candidate for a stellar mass black hole in our galaxy? o Cygnus X-1 · What is the name of the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way Galaxy? o Sagittarius A* · What type of data were collected by astronomers which allowed them to discover the supermassive black hole at the center of our galaxy? o Infra-red images taken over many years to measure changes in positions of stars orbiting the central object · What did Eddington observe in 1919, which proved a prediction of Einstein’s theory of gravity? o That the positions of stars were affected by the gravity of the Sun · What marks the ‘edge’ of a black hole, beyond which nothing can escape? o Event horizon · According to Einstein’s theory of gravity, _____ get(s) warped by mass o Spacetime · How are stellar mass black holes created? o During supernova explosions · What occurred to enable the first detection of gravitational waves? o A collision between 2 black holes · What wavelengths were used to create the first ever image of a black hole? o Radio Waves Quiz 18:

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