Human Structure StudyGuide 2

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Study Guide Chapter 4 Choose the correct answer for each question. 1. An endocrine gland has: a) a duct b) no duct c) no secretion d) no blood supplies 2. An example of an exocrine gland is the: a) salivary gland b) thyroid gland c) pituitary gland d) adrenal gland 3. The type of epithelium in which the surface cells alternate from round to flat is: a) cuboidal b) columnar c) stratified squamous d) transitional 4. The type of connective tissue with a liquid matrix called plasma is: a) cartilage b) bone c) adipose d) blood 5. Axon, dendrite, and cell body are the three parts of: a) the brain b) nerve tissue c) a neuron d) the central nervous system 6. The type of connective tissue with a solid matrix made of calcium salts is: a) areolar b) bone c) cartilage d) fibrous 7. The type of muscle tissue also known as voluntary muscle is: a) smooth b) cardiac c) visceral d) skeletal 8. The membrane that lines the digestive tract is a: a) serous membrane c) mucous membrane b) synovial membrane d) fascia

9. The serous membrane that lines the thoracic cavity is the: a) visceral pleura b) peritoneum c) parietal pleura d) mesentery 10. In the fallopian tube, an egg cell is moved toward the uterus by: a) ciliated epithelium b) striated muscle c) nerve tissue d) cuboidal epithelium 11. To increase their surface area for absorption, columnar cells in the small intestine have: a) microvilli b) cilia c) goblet cells d) ducts 12. The strong tissue that forms tendons and ligaments is: a) skeletal muscle b) fibrous connective tissue c) bone d) elastic connective tissue 13. The type of epithelium that makes up the outer layer of skin is: a) simple squamous b) stratified columnar c) stratified squamous d) simple columnar 14. The tissue that is thin enough to form capillaries and permit exchanges of materials is: a) smooth muscle b) areolar connective tissue c) elastic connective tissue d) simple squamous epithelium 15. The type of muscle tissue that produces a significant amount of body heat is: a) skeletal b) smooth c) cardiac d) visceral 16. Cardiac muscle is found in: a) the heart and arteries b) arteries only c) the heart only d) arteries, veins, and the heart

17. The membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord are the: a) visceral cranial membranes b) periosteum c) synovial membranes d) meninges 18. The space between two neurons where a neurotransmitter carries the impulse is called a: a) cell body b) matrix c) Schwann cell d) synapse 19. The unicellular glands that secrete mucus in the respiratory tract are: a) goblet cells b) endocrine glands c) microvilli d) serous glands 20. The tissue that transports nutrients and oxygen throughout the body is: a) nerve tissue b) blood c) areolar connective tissue d) serous tissue 21. The type of muscle tissue that provides peristalsis in the intestines is: a) skeletal b) voluntary c) striated d) smooth 22. The type of connective tissue that stores excess energy in the form of fat is: a) fibrous b) cartilage c) elastic d) adipose 23. The membrane that lines a joint cavity and produces fluid is the _______________ membrane. a) mucous b) synovial c) serous d) pleural 24. The tissue in the wall of the trachea that keeps it open is: a) bone b) fibrous tissue c) cartilage d) areolar tissue 25. The type of connective tissue beneath mucous membranes that contains many white blood cells is: a) areolar b) fibrous c) elastic d) cartilage

Each question is a series of statements concerning a topic in this chapter. Read each statement carefully and select all of the correct statements. 1. Which of the following statements are true of epithelial tissues? a) Cuboidal epithelium is found on the skin surface as dead cells. b) Simple squamous epithelium lines the heart; its smoothness prevents abnormal blood clotting. c) Transitional epithelium permits the lining of the urinary bladder to stretch. d) Stratified squamous epithelium forms the lining of the stomach. e) Columnar epithelium lines the small intestine and forms capillaries. f) Epithelial tissues have capillaries only if they are on an inner body surface. g) Both unicellular and multicellular glands are made of epithelial cells and tissues. h) The function of ciliated epithelium is to sweep materials across a surface. 2. Which of the following statements are true of connective tissues? a) Fibrous connective tissue forms ligaments that connect bone to bone. b) Adipose tissue is an important storage site for glycogen. c) Excess calcium is stored in bone tissue. d) The blood cells that contribute to clotting are the platelets. e) Areolar connective tissue is found subcutaneously and contains white blood cells. f) Elastic connective tissue enables the diaphragm to expand and contract. g) Blood plasma transports most nutrients and oxygen. h) Cartilage forms smooth surfaces on many joints. i) Brown fat is a heat-producing tissue. j) The major supporting tissue of the body is fibrous connective tissue. 3. Which of the following statements are true of muscle tissues? a) Arteries contain smooth muscle that contributes to maintaining blood pressure. b) Only skeletal muscle can be called voluntary muscle. c) Cardiac muscle must receive nerve impulses in order to contract. d) The iris of the eye has smooth muscle fibers that focus light rays on the retina. e) Cardiac muscle forms the walls of the chambers of the heart. f) A significant amount of body heat is produced by cardiac muscle. 4. Which of the following statements are true of nerve tissue? a) The electrical nerve impulse is carried by the neuron’s cell membrane. b) The myelin sheath assists impulse transmission across synapses. c) Neurotransmitters are produced by dendrites. d) The cell body of a neuron contains the nucleus. e) A synapse is the space between two axons. f) Schwann cells are found only in the peripheral nervous system. 5. Which of the following statements are true of membranes? a) The meninges cover the brain and spinal cord. b) The visceral pleura covers the lungs. c) The periosteum is fibrous connective tissue that covers a bone. d) The heart has both serous and fibrous pericardial layers. e) The membrane that lines joint cavities is the synovial membrane. f) The peritoneum lines the abdominal cavity.

Chapter 5 Match the following parts of the dermis with their proper descriptions. Use each letter once. 1) Fibroblasts ______________________ 2) Collagen fibers ___________________ 3) Elastin fibers _____________________ 4) Papillary layer ____________________ 5) Hair follicles _____________________ 6) Nail follicles _____________________ 7) Sebaceous glands _________________ 8) Eccrine sweat glands _______________ 9) Apocrine sweat glands ______________ 10) Ceruminous glands _________________ 11) Receptors _______________________ A. Contains capillaries to nourish the stratum germinativum of the epidermis. B. Provide information about changes in the external environment. C. The protein that gives the dermis its strength D. Produce a lipid substance called sebum. E. The cells that produce collagen and elastin F. Mitosis at the root produces the hair shaft. G. Produce their secretion in times of stress or strong emotions. H. Produce their secretion during exercise or in a warm environment. I. Mitosis at the root produces the nail. J. The protein that gives the dermis elasticity K. Produce cerumen, or earwax a) The free nerve endings in the dermis are the receptors for the cutaneous senses of _______________, _______________, _______________, and _______________. b) The encapsulated nerve endings in the dermis are the receptors for the cutaneous senses of _______________ and _______________. c) Explain why the skin of the palm is more sensitive to touch than the skin of the shoulder. 3. a) The ends of fingers and toes are protected from mechanical injury by _______________. b) Name the protein these structures are made of. _______________ 4. a) The secretion that prevents drying of the eardrum is _______________. b) The secretion that prevents drying of the skin and hair is _______________.

c) The secretion that helps lower body temperature is _______________. d) The secretion that inhibits bacterial growth on the skin is _______________. 5. a) One function of human hair is to keep dust out of the _______________ or _______________. b) Another function is to provide insulation from the cold for the _______________ (part of the body). c) Name the protein hair is made of. _______________ 6. In stressful situations, the _______________ in the dermis will constrict to shunt blood to more vital organs. 7. a) The vitamin formed in the skin is vitamin _______________, which is made from _______________ when the skin is exposed to _______________. b) The function of this vitamin is to promote the absorption of _______________ and _______________ in the small intestine. Subcutaneous Tissue The other name for subcutaneous tissue is the __________________________________________. 2. a) The subcutaneous tissue is located between the _______________ and the _______________. b) Name the two types of connective tissue in this layer. _______________ and _______________. 3. a) The areolar connective tissue contains many white blood cells that destroy _______________ that have entered _______________. b) Areolar connective tissue also contains mast cells that produce _______________ when tissue damage occurs; this substance contributes to the process of _______________. 4. a) The adipose tissue contains cells that are specialized to store _______________ as a source of potential _______________. b) State two other functions of subcutaneous fat. _______________ and _______________ BURNS 1. Match each type of burn with the proper description. 1) First-degree burn _________________ 2) Second-degree burn _______________ 3) Third-degree burn _________________ A. The skin is charred and may not be painful at first. B. The skin is painful but not blistered. C. The skin is painful and blistered.

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