HARD HISTO Q_A 21
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Texas Tech University *
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MISC
Subject
Biology
Date
Feb 20, 2024
Type
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31
Uploaded by LieutenantMulePerson1020
FOREWARD
Hey y’all, my name is Samantha Brown, Class of 2025. I wrote these questions
referencing Austin Rodgers (C/O 2025) and I’s HY Facts Sheet, based upon what we
both found to be some of the most relevant and commonly tested concepts. Austin and I
went through the old curriculum format and have previously tested with Webster. This is
by no means a comprehensive list of everything he could possibly test on, but my method
in writing these questions was to directly reference his written notes following his
PowerPoints and subtly change the wording to create the questions. Occasionally, I’ll try
to mimic questions that are similar to questions I believe that I’ve seen before, if
applicable.
Nothing is from practice questions, sessions, quizzes, or tests; this was all written by
me,
chillin’ in my living room. Needless to say, this is not faculty-based or approved.
With that being said, I will do my best to try to write the most representative and yet
difficult questions I can possibly think of.
These questions are some of the hardest I could think to create
. So, don’t be too
freaked out if it doesn’t go well. It’s totally okay. These are purposefully nitpicky or
point-blank, no clue questions. And for those of you who are still reading, you’re
welcome for the candid nature of the answers section.
QUESTIONS
PLASMA MEMBRANE SPECIALIZATIONS + MICROSCOPIC IMAGES
1.
_______ are organized into ________ which are organized into ________.
a.
Cells ; organs ; tissues
b.
Organs ; cells ; tissues
c.
Cells ; tissues ; organs
d.
Tissues ; organs ; cells
2.
Which of the following is NOT a type of tissue?
a.
Epithelium
b.
Bone
c.
Lymphatics
d.
Nerve
3.
Which of the following is NOT a function of epithelia?
a.
Relaxation
b.
Contractility
c.
Absorption
d.
Sensation
4.
Organize the apical structures from smallest to largest.
a.
Microvilli < Stereocilia < Cilia/Kinocilia < Flagella
b.
Microvilli < Cilia/Kinocilia < Stereocilia < Flagella
c.
Stereocilia < Cilia/Kinocilia < Flagella < Microvilli
d.
Cilia/Kinocilia < Stereocilia < Flagella < Microvilli
5.
TRUE OR FALSE: Most types of epithelia can regenerate.
a.
True
b.
False
6.
_________ is a general term for cancers of epithelial origin.
a.
Tumor
b.
Nodule
c.
Carcinoma
d.
Cystic
7.
Epithelial tumors can be identified by the presence of
a.
BRCA1/BRCA2, blood
b.
Calcitonin, blood
c.
Cytokeratins, blood
d.
Beta-2-microglobulin, CSF
8.
Cilia/Kinocilia are grown from what structure in the cortical cytoplasm?
a.
Basal lamina
b.
Basal bodies
c.
Axoneme core
d.
Brush border
9.
Flagella in humans are only found in _______ . Flagella are highly organized into an _________.
a.
Spermatogonium; axoneme core
b.
Spermatozoa; axoneme core
c.
Spermatozoa; centriole
d.
Spermatogonium; centriole
10. Cholera toxins, as well as cytomegalovirus (CMV) permeabilize the cell junction by acting on:
a.
ZO-1/3
b.
JAM
c.
Claudins
d.
Occludins
11. Junctional adhesion molecules (JAM) are often found with _______ and function to _________.
a.
Occludins ; transport protein products into the tissues
b.
Claudins ; transport of protein products into the tissues
c.
Occludins ; transport lymphocytes out of the bloodstream
d.
Claudins ; transport of lymphocytes out of the bloodstream
12. Match the junction with its correct function.
a.
Tight junctions → adhesion
b.
Anchoring junctions → barrier
c.
Desmosome → stability
d.
Zona occludentes → adhesion
13. Which junction type are a common target of pathogenic agents?
a.
Anchoring junctions
b.
Zonula adherens
c.
Macula adherens
d.
Zonulae occludentes
14. Clostridium perfringens toxin binds to _______ , degrading the zonula occludens causing abdominal
pain and diarrhea.
a.
Cadherins
b.
Claudins
c.
Catenins
d.
Desmogleins
15. Match the pathogen to the target protein.
a.
H. pylori → JAM
b.
C. perfringens → ZO-1
c.
Dust mites → Occludin + ZO-1
d.
Reovirus → NSP4
16. Pemphigus Vulgaris is an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies are incorrectly produced to
__________ transmembrane glycoproteins.
a.
Occludins
b.
JAM
c.
Cadherins
d.
Desmosome
17. _______ are a mechanical defense against metastasizing tumors.
a.
JAM
b.
Desmosomes
c.
Cadherins
d.
Occludins
18. The Junctional Complex, in order from apical surface to basolateral membrane, goes:
a.
Tight junction → adherens junction → desmosome
b.
Tight junction → desmosome → adherens junction
c.
Desmosome → adherens junction → tight junction
d.
Desmosome → tight junction → adherens junction
19. What is the difference between a connexin and a connexon?
a.
Connexins are hemichannels of smaller molecules, while connexons are the
central pore.
b.
Connexins are the major constituent of hemichannels while connexons are
multiple hemichannels.
c.
Connexins are multiple hemichannels while connexons are the major constituent
of hemichannels.
d.
Connexins and connexons are transmembrane proteins that have different
functions.
20. _____ molecules of connexin form a _______.
a.
6 ; hemichannel
b.
9 ; hemichannel
c.
6 ; connexon
d.
9 ; connexon
21. Match the connexin protein mutation to the physical presentation.
a.
Cx-26 → cataracts of lens of eye
b.
Cx-46 + Cx-50 → congenital deafness
c.
Cx-32 → demyelination of peripheral nerves
d.
Cx-23 → trigeminal neuralgia
22. Bullous pemphigoid is an autoimmune disease that results in separation between the:
a.
Hypodermis and dermis
b.
Dermis and epidermis
c.
Epidermis and hypodermis
d.
Layers of epidermal tissue
23. Bullous pemphigoid targets which structure?
a.
Fibronectin
b.
Laminin
c.
⍺
-Actinin
d.
Integrins
24. Which collagen type is associated with bullous pemphigoid?
a.
Collagen type I
b.
Collagen type IX
c.
Collagen type XVII
d.
Collagen type XIV
25. Which type of microscopy would you use to evaluate blood composition?
a.
SEM
b.
Flow Cytometry
c.
FISH (antibody labelling)
d.
Fluorescence
26. Which of the following is NOT a preparation artifact?
a.
Postmortem changes
b.
Shrinkage or swelling
c.
Sectioning damage
d.
Cleaning damage
NUCLEUS
27. Dying or dead cells have all of the following EXCEPT:
a.
Pyknosis
b.
Lipolysis
c.
Karyorrhexis
d.
Karyolysis
28. Mutations in the proteins of the nuclear pore complex can result in
a.
Carcinomas
b.
Muscular dystrophy
c.
Progeria(s)
d.
Leukemias
29. Mutations in the nuclear lamina can result in all of the following EXCEPT:
a.
Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy
b.
Chromosomal disorders
c.
Progeria(s)
d.
Congenital scoliosis
30. Match the structure with the appropriate function or descriptor.
a. Nucleolus → site of active rRNA transcription
b. Pars Fibrosa → site in nucleus where ribosomes are assembled
c. Pars Granulosa → site where ribosomal assembly starts
d. Fibrillar Center → has a honeycomb appearance
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