HARD HISTO Q_A 21

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Texas Tech University *

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MISC

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Biology

Date

Feb 20, 2024

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pdf

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31

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FOREWARD Hey y’all, my name is Samantha Brown, Class of 2025. I wrote these questions referencing Austin Rodgers (C/O 2025) and I’s HY Facts Sheet, based upon what we both found to be some of the most relevant and commonly tested concepts. Austin and I went through the old curriculum format and have previously tested with Webster. This is by no means a comprehensive list of everything he could possibly test on, but my method in writing these questions was to directly reference his written notes following his PowerPoints and subtly change the wording to create the questions. Occasionally, I’ll try to mimic questions that are similar to questions I believe that I’ve seen before, if applicable. Nothing is from practice questions, sessions, quizzes, or tests; this was all written by me, chillin’ in my living room. Needless to say, this is not faculty-based or approved. With that being said, I will do my best to try to write the most representative and yet difficult questions I can possibly think of. These questions are some of the hardest I could think to create . So, don’t be too freaked out if it doesn’t go well. It’s totally okay. These are purposefully nitpicky or point-blank, no clue questions. And for those of you who are still reading, you’re welcome for the candid nature of the answers section.
QUESTIONS PLASMA MEMBRANE SPECIALIZATIONS + MICROSCOPIC IMAGES 1. _______ are organized into ________ which are organized into ________. a. Cells ; organs ; tissues b. Organs ; cells ; tissues c. Cells ; tissues ; organs d. Tissues ; organs ; cells 2. Which of the following is NOT a type of tissue? a. Epithelium b. Bone c. Lymphatics d. Nerve 3. Which of the following is NOT a function of epithelia? a. Relaxation b. Contractility c. Absorption d. Sensation 4. Organize the apical structures from smallest to largest. a. Microvilli < Stereocilia < Cilia/Kinocilia < Flagella b. Microvilli < Cilia/Kinocilia < Stereocilia < Flagella c. Stereocilia < Cilia/Kinocilia < Flagella < Microvilli d. Cilia/Kinocilia < Stereocilia < Flagella < Microvilli 5. TRUE OR FALSE: Most types of epithelia can regenerate. a. True b. False 6. _________ is a general term for cancers of epithelial origin. a. Tumor b. Nodule c. Carcinoma d. Cystic
7. Epithelial tumors can be identified by the presence of a. BRCA1/BRCA2, blood b. Calcitonin, blood c. Cytokeratins, blood d. Beta-2-microglobulin, CSF 8. Cilia/Kinocilia are grown from what structure in the cortical cytoplasm? a. Basal lamina b. Basal bodies c. Axoneme core d. Brush border 9. Flagella in humans are only found in _______ . Flagella are highly organized into an _________. a. Spermatogonium; axoneme core b. Spermatozoa; axoneme core c. Spermatozoa; centriole d. Spermatogonium; centriole 10. Cholera toxins, as well as cytomegalovirus (CMV) permeabilize the cell junction by acting on: a. ZO-1/3 b. JAM c. Claudins d. Occludins 11. Junctional adhesion molecules (JAM) are often found with _______ and function to _________. a. Occludins ; transport protein products into the tissues b. Claudins ; transport of protein products into the tissues c. Occludins ; transport lymphocytes out of the bloodstream d. Claudins ; transport of lymphocytes out of the bloodstream 12. Match the junction with its correct function. a. Tight junctions → adhesion b. Anchoring junctions → barrier c. Desmosome → stability d. Zona occludentes → adhesion
13. Which junction type are a common target of pathogenic agents? a. Anchoring junctions b. Zonula adherens c. Macula adherens d. Zonulae occludentes 14. Clostridium perfringens toxin binds to _______ , degrading the zonula occludens causing abdominal pain and diarrhea. a. Cadherins b. Claudins c. Catenins d. Desmogleins 15. Match the pathogen to the target protein. a. H. pylori → JAM b. C. perfringens → ZO-1 c. Dust mites → Occludin + ZO-1 d. Reovirus → NSP4 16. Pemphigus Vulgaris is an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies are incorrectly produced to __________ transmembrane glycoproteins. a. Occludins b. JAM c. Cadherins d. Desmosome 17. _______ are a mechanical defense against metastasizing tumors. a. JAM b. Desmosomes c. Cadherins d. Occludins 18. The Junctional Complex, in order from apical surface to basolateral membrane, goes: a. Tight junction → adherens junction → desmosome b. Tight junction → desmosome → adherens junction c. Desmosome → adherens junction → tight junction d. Desmosome → tight junction → adherens junction
19. What is the difference between a connexin and a connexon? a. Connexins are hemichannels of smaller molecules, while connexons are the central pore. b. Connexins are the major constituent of hemichannels while connexons are multiple hemichannels. c. Connexins are multiple hemichannels while connexons are the major constituent of hemichannels. d. Connexins and connexons are transmembrane proteins that have different functions. 20. _____ molecules of connexin form a _______. a. 6 ; hemichannel b. 9 ; hemichannel c. 6 ; connexon d. 9 ; connexon 21. Match the connexin protein mutation to the physical presentation. a. Cx-26 → cataracts of lens of eye b. Cx-46 + Cx-50 → congenital deafness c. Cx-32 → demyelination of peripheral nerves d. Cx-23 → trigeminal neuralgia 22. Bullous pemphigoid is an autoimmune disease that results in separation between the: a. Hypodermis and dermis b. Dermis and epidermis c. Epidermis and hypodermis d. Layers of epidermal tissue 23. Bullous pemphigoid targets which structure? a. Fibronectin b. Laminin c. -Actinin d. Integrins 24. Which collagen type is associated with bullous pemphigoid? a. Collagen type I b. Collagen type IX c. Collagen type XVII d. Collagen type XIV
25. Which type of microscopy would you use to evaluate blood composition? a. SEM b. Flow Cytometry c. FISH (antibody labelling) d. Fluorescence 26. Which of the following is NOT a preparation artifact? a. Postmortem changes b. Shrinkage or swelling c. Sectioning damage d. Cleaning damage NUCLEUS 27. Dying or dead cells have all of the following EXCEPT: a. Pyknosis b. Lipolysis c. Karyorrhexis d. Karyolysis 28. Mutations in the proteins of the nuclear pore complex can result in a. Carcinomas b. Muscular dystrophy c. Progeria(s) d. Leukemias 29. Mutations in the nuclear lamina can result in all of the following EXCEPT: a. Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy b. Chromosomal disorders c. Progeria(s) d. Congenital scoliosis 30. Match the structure with the appropriate function or descriptor. a. Nucleolus → site of active rRNA transcription b. Pars Fibrosa → site in nucleus where ribosomes are assembled c. Pars Granulosa → site where ribosomal assembly starts d. Fibrillar Center → has a honeycomb appearance
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