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Exam 1 BIO 3413 SP23 1. Which of the following statements explains why interstitial fluid is largely protein free? a. we need proteins to remain in the blood. b. proteins are generally too large to pass through the loose junctions of the systemic capillaries. c. proteins create an oncotic pressure which retards the movement of water from the capillaries. d. a and c are correct e. a, b and c are correct 2. If blood pressure decreases, then the concentration of potassium in interstitial fluid would: a. Increase b. Decrease c. Not change d. any of the above changes could occur e. cannot be determined 3. Which of the following correctly describes normal physiological function in living organisms? a. Homeostasis b. Equilibrium c. steady state d. a and c correctly describe e. all correctly describe 4. The concentration of sodium in the interstitial fluid is: a. identical to plasma b. lower than plasma c. largely determined by the concentration in plasma d. independent of the concentration in plasma e. a and c are correct 5. A majority of hormones in the body are: a. peptide hormones b. steroid hormones c. amino acid-derived hormones d. neurohormones e. All of the hormones types are present in almost equal amounts in the body. 6. A condition which impairs the synthesis of secretory vesicles, will have the most marked impact on signalling by: a. Steroid hormones b. Peptide hormones c. Thyroid hormones d. a and c are correct e. a, b and c are correct
Exam 1 BIO 3413 SP23 7. Which of the following structure: synthesis relationships is INCORRECT? a. Adrenal medulla: glucocorticoid b. Adrenal medulla: Epinephrine c. Adrenal cortex: Epinephrine d. a and c are INCORRECT e. All are CORRECT. 8. Steroids are not stored because: a. they are made on demand b. they cannot be stored c. they use cytosolic and nuclear receptors d. a and c are correct e. a, b and c are correct 9. The dominant adrenergic receptor in the smooth muscle of the arterioles is: a. α1 b. α2 c. ß1 d. ß2 e. Cholinergic 10. Each of the following statements concerning peptide hormones is true except one. Identify the exception. a. Peptide hormones are first synthesized as prohormones. b. Prohormones can be activated before their release via post-translational modification. c. Peptide hormones remain in circulation for relatively short periods of time. d. Peptide hormones in the bloodstream are always bound to carrier proteins. e. Peptide hormones interact with receptors on the surface of their target cells. 11. Which of the following signals is secreted directly into the systemic circulation? a. Oxytocin b. TSH c. ADH (vasopressin) d. a and c are correct e. a, b and c are correct. 12. If an enzymatic defect prevents a steroid producing gland from releasing it appropriate steroid end product, then: a. it begins releasing steroids which are intermediates of the appropriate steroid b. it produces new steroid types it could not previously produce c. negative feedback on its steroid production will be lost d. steroid synthesis stops due to negative feedback e. a and c are correct 13. The dominant adrenergic receptor in the smooth muscle of the bronchioles is:
Exam 1 BIO 3413 SP23 a. α1 b. α2 c. ß1 d. ß2 e. Cholinergic 14. The type of steroid produced by any gland is determined by: a. how readily the cells take up cholesterol b. the type of receptors the cell expresses c. the type of enzymes the cells express d. a and c are correct e. a, b and c are correct 15. Bipotential gonads develop into testes under the influence of: a. testes determining factor b. androgens c. a peptide/protein hormone d. a and c are correct e. a, b and c are correct 16. Let us assume, sodium passively moves from the outside of a cell to the inside of the cell. From these observations we can conclude: a. there is an inwardly directed concentration gradient for sodium b. a protein transporter using ATP likely moves sodium from the outside to the inside of the cell. c. a pore exists through which sodium can move d. a and c are correct e. a, b and c are correct 17. Menstruation is triggered by a: a. increase in the level(s) Estrogen b. decrease in the level(s) Progesterone c. decrease in the level(s) LH d. increase in the level(s) GnRH e. a and c are correct 18. When the testis does not produce anti-Müllerian hormone, a. There is a failure in glycoprotein synthesis b. the Müllerian ducts fail to develop c. the upper portion of the vagina will be present regardless of genetic sex d. a and c are correct e. all are correct 19. Which of the following would you not observe in the absence of human placental lactogen?
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