4-HHMI Lizard Evolution Worksheet FA23

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Name_________ Date: _______________ Lab group:___________ BIOL 110 Laboratory Lizard Evolution Virtual Lab Worksheet Please type your answers to these questions. The worksheet is to be completed and submitted individually; follow your lab instructor’s directions to turn in this worksheet the week of Sept. 25. 50 pts. Module 1: Ecomorphs 1. What is an ecomorph? How are lizards within an ecomorph similar? (4 pts.) Ecomorphs are organisms with comparable environments and body characteristics. For instance, the sheplani Hispaniola and occults Puerto Rico lizards both have something in common which is small legs according to the virtual lab. An Ecomorph is distant from a species because it just organizes the organisms as having comparable body types and habitats, whereas species have other differences like color or appearance. 2. Choose one of the body features of one of the lizard ecomorphs (leg length, or toe pads), and explain how it adapts to which particular niche. Why is each type of feature helpful in a particular habitat? (4 pts.) The Puerto Rico anole, one of the lizard’s ectomorphs, requires to be able to stick to or crawl on the twigs in its habitat which is why they have tiny legs. Module 2: Phylogeny. 3. What is the research question of this experiment? (5 pts.) Does each body type on each island have its own unique evolution? 4. Are anoles from the same island more closely related to each other than similar-looking anoles from different islands? Explain your answer– what evidence from the phylogenetic trees supports this conclusion? (5 pts.) Using the outcomes of the DNA sequence analysis it can be concluded that species that are similar in terms of body form are not more closely related. This is due to the phylogeny tree phylogenetic distance between organisms with similar body shapes. I'm able to infer the evolution of the anoles lizards based on ecological niche rather than the entire island while discussing that island. If the ecological niche of two anoles on different islands are similar, then their attributes will be comparable as well. 5. Explain - what is convergent evolution? How did you observe this? (5 pts.) When species that aren't closely related independently evolved and have similar properties as a result of comparable environments or ecological niche this process is known as convergence. This form of evolution can be seen in the phylogenetic trees sentence related qualities are dependent on surroundings rather than location or species. HHMI L IZARD E VOLUTION V IRTUAL L AB : W ORKSHEET Page 1 of 4

Module 3: Experimental Data. 6. Dr. Losos transplanted long-legged male and female mating pairs from Iron Cay, which has large trees, onto seven small islands with only small bushes and grass. What prediction did you make about changes in leg length in a population descended from the transplanted lizards? In other words, what result did you expect from this transplant experiment? (4 pts.) The evidence i gathered confirmed doctor Losos claim demonstrating that the lizard evolved shorter legs because the islands environment was better suited to them. The animals evolved shorter legs because shorter legs boosted their chances of survival and says ecomorph are based on ancestral reasons rather than geological location or isolation they did so because of the habitat and ecological niches of the experimental island the populations average leg length will decrease. Some animals will evolve with shorter legs, but others won't because having longer legs was once advantages longer legs will make it more difficult for them to survive and they will eventually go extinct shorter legged a nose will ultimately rule upon the population. 7. Insert a column graph showing your Mean relative hindlimb length ± standard deviation as a function of location (Iron Cay vs. experimental island). (9 pts.) You can use your analyzed data from Module 3’s question #4 in Excel, and refer to Appendix: Graphing and Statistics in Excel, section II B (“Bar graph”). Be sure to follow appropriate guidelines to include all graph components (see Knisely p. 96), and remember a detailed title below your figure! Also, perform a t-test on your data set, as you did in the Sun & Shade Leaves Lab. Refer again to the graphing appendix, and follow directions in section III “Statistics: t- test”. Report the results of the test (in the proper format) in your figure caption. For example, the results of a t-test should be presented as the last sentence of your caption using the following format: The mean __ 0.83555556 __________ (dependent variable) (did) significantly differ between the two treatments (t = _ 2.94329465 ______; df = __ 16 ____; p = __ 0.00477136 ___). HHMI L IZARD E VOLUTION V IRTUAL L AB : W ORKSHEET Page 2 of 4

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