Urinalysis Lab

Direction: Using the pictures below, explain the three-step process of how kidneys filter blood and form urine as a waste product. Proximal convoluted tubule Distal convoluted tubule incoming arteriole blood blood flow -outging arteriole enters - glomerulus -Bowman's capsule Glomerular filtration: Counter creates a plasma-like filtrate of the blood. current flow -Ascending limb Descending limb proximal tubule flow of nitrate H2O is diffused out by osmosis H20 is carried away by blood Part 2 Loop of henle Direction: Give the function of each component of a nephron Increasing concentration of tissue fluid

IV. Nephron Blood Supply To understand the blood supply more clearly to nephrons, color the structures in the following figure. Use the suggested colors. Afferent arteriole: Pink • Efferent arteriole: Light red Glomerulus capillaries: Orange • Peritubular capillaries: Dark red • Veins that feed into renal vein: Blue Next, draw arrows to show the direction of blood flow. Also, label the following structures: • Proximal convoluted tubule • Distal convoluted tubule • Loop of Henle • Collecting duct

Subject: Environmental Physiology True or false: Urine dilution by the loop of Henle is dependent on the length of the loop, being more diluted, the longer the loop.

Match the structure of the nephron to its primary function. Renal corpuscle Proximal tubule Loop of Henle Distal tubule Collecting duct responsible for size-selective filtration of the blood responsible for active transport and reabsorption of ions and nutrients as well as the reabsorption of water may or may not reabsorb sodium ions depending on the presence or absence of the hormone aldosterone. establishes a strong osmotic gradient allowing the reabsorption of water, sodium ions, and chloride ions. regulates reabsorption of water in response to the presence of ADH & secretes urea into the interstitial fluid to maintain the osmotic gradient of the medulla.

Water though Urinary System Trace the path of the water molecule as it moves from this starting point to this ending point. Starting point: The water molecule enters a kidney in the blood plasma traveling through the renal artery. Ending point: The water molecule is excreted from the body. You may write a description, create a diagram with labels, or both to trace a path. Include as many of the following components of the urinary system and terms as you can: afferent arteriolecollecting ductdistal convoluted tubuleglomerular capsuleglomerulusmajor calyxminor calyx nephron loopproximal convoluted tubulerenal pelvisureterurethra For each of the parts of the urinary system in your path, describe a unique anatomical characteristic (size, tissue composition, etc.) or function.

Labeling

Although the kidneys are probably best known as filtration organs, tubular reabsorption (the second step of urine formation in a nephron) actually reclaims molecules that have already been filtered from the blood. Describe the tubular reabsorption process, including the structures and molecules involved, and explain why these molecules need to be reabsorbed. please help

describe what is going on during the urine formation glomerular filtration step. include how the process occurs.

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Urinary Elimination Mr John Baker is a 68-year old shopkeeper who was admitted to the hospital with urinary retention, hematuria, and fever. The admitting nurse gathers the following information when taking a nursing history. Mr Baker states he has noticed urinary frequency during the day for the past 2 weeks, and that he doesn’t feel he has emptied his bladder after urinating. He also has to get up two or three times during the night to urinate. During the past few days, he has had difficulty starting urination and dribbles afterwards. He verbalizes the embarrassment his urinary problems cause in his dealings with the public. He is diagnosed with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) and referred to a urologist who suggests a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) in several months. He is placed on antibiotic therapy. 1. Considering Mr Baker’s history and assessment data, what other physical conditions could explain his symptoms? 2. The doctor recommended surgery. What…

100X 400X 2. For each of the following parts of the nephrons list the specific step of the urine formation that takes place at the site. Part of the nephron Glomerular capsule Step of urine formation Proximal convoluted tubule Loop of Henle Distal convoluted tubule Collecting duct 126

Consider a drug which is exogenous to the body. The drug is filtered, but not secreted, reabsorbed, or metabolised by the kidneys. The drug is constantly infused in a patient to maintain a plasma concentration of 2mg/L. 24 hour urine collection shows the drug being excreted at a rate of 400µg/min. What is this patient's GFR? 50ml/min 100ml/min 150ml/min 200ml/min 400ml/min

Which of the following associations is correct? Parietal layer of glomerular Capsule – Part of the filtration membrane Visceral layer of glomerular Capsule – Contains podocytes Proximal convoluted tubule – Simple cuboidal epithelium with microvilli Glomerulus – Receives blood from the afferent arteriole Loop of Henle – Helps create the osmolarity gradient in the renal medulla

Trace the pathway of a metabolic waste from glomerulus to urethra. Be certain to state anatomical landmarks and physiological actions during the route.