Unit 1

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University of Texas, Rio Grande Valley *

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Biology

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Feb 20, 2024

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Entomology: Unit 1.3 Student Learning Outcomes These are the basic concepts each student should master for this unit. Each student should know the definition for words in bold text, understand how they relate to other concepts and be able to explain their significance.  What is the insect “body plan?” (Three tagmata) Does every single insect at every life stage exhibit this plan?  Review the external morphology of the insect head. Know which parts are vertex, frons, gena  How are insect (and arthropod eyes also) different from vertebrate or mollusk eyes? What is the advantage of this difference?  Ommatidium, Lens, Rhabdom, Ocelli  How is an ocellus (singular of ocelli) different from the compound eye? Where are they located and how many are there?  Opsins How are these connected to vision in other animals like vertebrates?  Review and be able to identify the three main parts of the insect antennae: scape, pedicel, flagellum  Be able to recognize four antennal subtypes: filiform, geniculate, aristate, plumose  Which type of antennae was most likely the ancestral type?  What are antennae primarily for? What are two secondary sensory functions?  Setae, Recognize that antennae have dense setae of different types, but that these can be found in many other parts of the body.  Review and be able to identify the four parts of insect mouthparts: labrum, mandibles, maxillae, labium  From what ancestral structure did the antennae and mouthparts evolve?  What did Dr Terry mean when he said the insect mouth is like a sandwich?  Recognize that there are many modifications of insect mouthparts, but we won’t cover these in detail until later  Do insects have ears?  Review and be able to identify the three segments of the insect thorax: prothorax, mesothorax, metathorax  Tergum (notum), Pleuron, Sternum  What thoracic segments have legs? What thoracic segments have wings? Where in relation to parts of the thoracic exoskeleton listed above are these located?  Review and be able to identify the four segments of the insect leg: coxa, trochanter, femur, tibia, tarsus  What are the four main modifications of the standard insect walking leg?  For now we will only learn two very easy parts of the wings: Veins and Membrane  Recognize that there are many variations of these across different insects, some of which we will cover later  Are insect wings made up of living or non-living tissue?  Are insect ears homologous to vertebrate ears? What’s the best evidence to support your answer?  Recognize that the ancestral insect body plan has a many segmented, appendage-less abdomen  What are two exceptions to the lack of appendages on the insect abdomen?  Spiracle  Cerci (singular cercus), ovipositor, claspers  Which group has an ovipositor modified for delivery of venom? Diplura:

How does the morphology of Diplura differ from most insects? In what niche would you be most likely to find Diplura? Are diplurans common today? Collembola (Springtails): How does the morphology of Collembola differ from most insects? Collembola are an incredible numerous and important part of what ecological niche? If collembolans are such a numerous and important group why have most people never heard of them? What is a collembolans secret escape mechanism?

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