Guide to Activity 2

Please consider providing detailed explanation

Draw a simpler version of the phylogenetic tree that just depicts the four supergroups of eukaryotes after viewing the image. Now imagine the tree as if the unikonts were the first eukaryotes to diverge from the rest of the eukaryotes.

Draw a simpler version of the phylogenetic tree that just depicts the four supergroups of eukaryotes after viewing the image. Now imagine and sketch the tree as if the unikonts were the first eukaryotes to diverge from the rest of the eukaryotes.

Which of the following is FALSE regarding phylogenetic trees? 1) The branch lengths on the tree are scaled to molecular (DNA) changes and/or time. 2)Phylogenetic trees have shown us that there is much more bacterial diversity compared to eukaryotes. 3) Phylogenetic trees show the evolutionary relatedness of different organisms. 4). The branch lengths on the tree depict abiotic and biotic factors affecting speciation.

create a cladogram and dichonomous key of how the plant Families Pinaceae, Poaceae, Sapindaceae, Crassulaceae, and Asteraceae relate to one another.

DNA sequence data for a diplomonad, a euglenid, a plant, and an unidentified protist suggest that the unidentified species is most closely related to the diplomonad. Further studies reveal that the unknown species has fully functional mitochondria. Based on these data, at what point on the phylogenetic tree in Figure 1 did the mystery protist’s lineage probably diverge from other eukaryote lineages? Explain.

make a drawing of a phylogenetic tree that contains all 3 domains of life. The tree should include at least three different animals, two plants, chemoheterotrophic bacteria, photoautotrophic bacteria, chemoheterotrophic archaea, thermophilic archaea and fungi. Identify both primary endosymbiosis events on the tree and draw a line to connect it to the organism that would become the future organelle.

Generate a present (1) or absent (0) code of each character. Afterward, draw the overall phylogenetic tree with the corresponding characters splitting the tree.

19

1. How do members of Eukarya differ from the prokaryotic groups of Chp 26 (your text lists 4 major differences)? Do these differences represent a greater success and superiority of eukaryotic over prokaryotic cells? 2. Examine Figure 27.1 from your text. How does this phylogenetic tree show that "Protists" are paraphyletic? Hint: think about what the term "paraphyletic" means in your answer.. 3. Describe at least two impacts that protists have on humans and two ecological importance's protists have on the planet. 4. What is direct sequencing and how has it been used to discover new lineages in the eukaryotic group? Be specific! 5. What is the endosymbiosis theory and what are thought to have been the three main steps in the theory? What are thought to have been the two main steps in the nucleus formation? • Previous Next MacBook Pro G Search or type URL 23 %24 &

Based on the morphology of Opalina and Volvox, which supports the syncytial hypothesis and colonial hypothesis of animal origin?   please explain well and do not copy from google PLEASE WRITE CLEARLY

Give explanation  Which of the following statements is TRUE based on the phylogenetic tree shown?   a) Bacteria and archaea are equally related to to eukarya b) Plants and ciliates are more closely related than plants and animals c) Green sulfur bacterial are more closely related to archaea than the Thermotogales d) Methanosarcina and Haloarchaea are equally related to Methanococcus e) Flavobacteria are the last common ancestor between bacteria and eukarya

Create a hypothetical phylogenetic tree.

Redraw the phylogeny of eukaryotes, expanded to show different members (e.g. dinoflagellates, diatoms) of the supergroups as necessary and indicate the location of the primary endosymbioses for mitochondria and chlorophyll on the phylogeny. Indicate the location of three secondary endosymbioses leading to chloroplasts and one location showing the loss of mitochondria on the same phylogeny.

Briefly describe what endosymbiotic theory is.   Describe a few ways in which endosymbiotic theory has changed the way scientists think about the ancestral distinctions among the three domains.

Among the two diagrams, what is the most parsimonious tree? Are they equal? Why or why not?

Assignment #1: Build a phylogenetic tree (showing all the steps) based on the morphological characters exhibited (and listed) below. Indicate the synapomorphies, symplesiomorphies, homoplasy, and autapomorphies (if any): MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTER 1. Flower (color: black or white) 2. Leaf margin (unlobed or lobed) 3. Pollen colpi (monosulcate or tricolpate) 4. Roots (less than 1 mm thick or tuberous) 5. petals (number: 3 or 5) 6. Phyllotaxy (alternate or opposite) 7. Perianth parts (separate or fused) 8. Stems (glabrous or pubescent) A B C E H PLESIOMORPHIC APOMORPHIC 1887- Characters taka 2 3 4 5 ما า 8 1001 Out 0 A B 0 0 0 D A 0 C 0 V 01 00 D 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 F OUTGROUP *88*1 Ο 0 о G 0 0 H A 0 0 1 0

The study explored population diversity of fungal endophytes present in the mangrove Sonneratia alba (Pagatpat). These endophytes were isolated, characterized morphologically and molecularly identified by amplification of the ITS gene. Phylogenetic analysis using maximum likelihood was performed on the sequences to elucidate the identification of various isolates. 11 species were isolated from both Tacloban and Matalom sites, but four (4) of these species were unique to Matalom. Based on the computed Shannon-Weiner indices, host mangroves from Matalom (H’=2.738) were more diverse compared to the host mangroves from Tacloban (H’=2.505). Gleason’s Species Richness indices also showed that leaves collected from Matalom (d=4.277) exhibited a greater species richness than leaves from Tacloban (d=3.256). The results implied that alba generally possess the same species of fungal endophytes; but diversity and species are affected by the environmental conditions, geographical location and the…

Briefly describe the phylogeny of each in regards to its classification within the four supergroups: a) Amoeba b) Paramecium c) Euglena

Which of the following characteristic(s) is/are used byWhittaker for the classification of organisms ? (a) Mode of nutrition(b) Thallus organisation(c) Phylogenetic relationships(d) All of the above Please try to break the solutions into as many steps as practically possible and the steps should come one by one and they should be short and crisp and plagiarism-free.

Protists are(a) single-celled eukaryotes.(b) multicellular eukaryotes.(c) single-celled prokaryotes.(d) single-celled akaryote.   Please try to break the solutions into as many steps as practically possible and the steps should come one by one and they should be short and crisp and plagiarism-free.

Based on the morphology of Opalina and Volvox, which supports the syncytial hypothesis and colonial hypothesis of animal origin?   please explain well and do not copy from google

What term best describes the following organisms: some with tetramembraneous chloroplasts, some with hairy flagellae, some with pseudopods; some with cuplike indentations in the cell membrane? a)  Excavata. b)  SAR. c)  Plantae. d)  Unikonta. The term protista refers to : a)  A kingdom within the superkingom SAR. b)  A kingdom within the superkingdom Excavata. c)  It is a descriptive term or common name for unicellular, colonial, and some multicellular organisms that lack true tissues. d)  A phylum within the Kingdom Metazoa. Which term best describes the following organism: a unicellular (single celled) eukaryote that has a single large mitochondrion, and causes Chagas disease or sleeping sickness. a)  Hypermastigophora. b)  Diplomonada. c)  Algae. d)  Trypanosoma. e)  Rhizopoda. 4. What term best describes the following organism: a multicellular eukaryote with a chitinous cell wall that is an absorptive heterotroph? a)  Fungi. b)…

Eukaryotic cells can be detected at latest mid-way through the Proterozoic, and multicellular eukaryotes not long after – but there is a curious lag before the radiation of multicellular eukaryotic groups. We discussed two possible reasons for this. Explain both. Why might an early arrival of lichens on land explain aspects of both of those possibilities?

Examine the following phylogenetic tree illustrated in Figure shown in the picture. In general, what does a phylogenetic tree illustrate?  How do you compare the relationships of organisms BB, CC, and DD?

c- What are the differences between Rooted and Unrooted Phylogenetics trees? d- Using Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) construct the phylogenetic tree for the given data G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G10 |10 0 4 4 14 G3 12 8 7 G2 06 16 G4 ㅇ 0 12 G5

The universal phylogenetic tree of life shows the divergence of Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. Studies of Lokiarchaeota help to elucidate these relationships, but the first universal tree of life was constructed by Carl Woese using ribosomal RNA sequences. There are advantages to using different types of nucleic acid for different types of analyses. What is a specific advantage of using small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene sequences for phylogenetic analysis compared with DNA sequences? ▸ View Available Hint(s) SSU rRNA sequences accumulate mutations more rapidly than protein-encoding DNA. SSU rRNA is frequently transferred through horizontal gene transfer, whereas DNA sequences are not. Primers are required in DNA sequence analysis, but not for SSU rRNA sequence analysis. Although PCR products can be visualized with SSU rRNA, this is not the case with other forms of nucleic acids. DNA sequences are too highly conserved to work well for sequence analysis; individual species are…

See attached. Please put either Homologous Structures or Analogous Structures in the "Type" Row and its functions in the "Functions" row. Thanks!

Which of these phylogenetic trees shows different relationships from the others? Tree 1) Tree 4) Tree 2) Tree 5) Tree 3) Tree 6) *