Assignment 5

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University of Florida *

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Biology

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Feb 20, 2024

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Miriam Baldi 43031061 December 1, 2023 ASSIGNMENT 5 1. Imagine there is a hole in the skull created by the removal of the epipteric bone in Fig. 1. Think about the differences that would then exist between the hole portrayed in Fig. 1 and the projectile wound (also a hole) displayed in Fig. 2. Name three characteristics that can help to differentiate between them. a) Fracture lines: projectile wounds like Fig. 2 lead to radiating fracture lines that would not appear in Fig. 1, supposing the hole is caused by removal, showing instead no lines at all. b) Bevelling: because of the velocity at which they strike, projectile wounds like Fig.2 result in the bevelling of the edges of the wound (in Fig.2 case it is an inward bevelling), while the hypothetical removal of the bone in Fig.1, since no such force is applied, would leave no bevelling. c) Shape: projectile wounds like Fig. 2 leave a round-shaped hole, while the removal of one specific bone in Fig.1 would mean that the hole would have an irregular shape that can be attributed to the missing bone. 2. If the kerf pictured in Fig. 3 has a width of 4.23mm, a) what is the estimate of the width of the saw blade that produced the cut? b) Based on examination of Fig. 3 and Fig 4, what do you think would be the source of energy for the blade and why? a) Because the width is 4.23mm it can be estimated that the saw blade is 2.82, the result of the following equation: kerf width/1.5 = estimation of width of saw blade b) By analyzing the uniform and fine striations of the kerf, the source of energy of the blade is power 3. a) What is the weight of a “White” male whose femur weighs 379g (please include 95% CI)? Suppose the remains are found with a pair of jeans with a 50-inch waist. b) How would the estimate of body weight be affected? Living weight —> 0.233 (379g)+57.385= 145.692 C.i 22.2 lbs x 2= 44.4lbs Therefore the living weight would be 145.69 pounds with a 95% CI of 101.29 to 190.09 pounds b) The presence of 50-inch waist jeans affects the estimate of the body weight as they indicate the body weight of the individual must have been closer to the higher end of the calculated CI.
4. A skeleton with clinging charred flesh is discovered in the remains of a burned out vehicle. The colour of the bone is grey/blue. Using information from your textbook, a) what is the temperature of the fire that caused the discolouration of the bone? b) How much bone shrinkage occurred (percentage-wise)? a) Since the color of the bone is grey/blue we can estimate the temperature of the fire that caused the discoloration to be around 700-800 degrees Celsius. b) There would be 1-3% bone shrinkage. 5. A partially-fleshed skeleton is discovered on the ground surface in a forested area. Analysis of the bones reveals the following characteristics: skull: slanted frontal bone; rugged nuchal area; rounded supraorbital margin; rounded eye orbits; small nasal spine; projecting lower eye border; rounded dental arch. right pubic symphysis face: Defined ventral border and defined dorsal border with possible lipping. postcranial measurements: right femur length: 489mm; left tibia length: 436mm; left fibula length: 428 mm; right humerus length: 322mm; left humerus length: 320mm; right radius length: 237mm; left radius length: 235mm. post-cranial characteristics: High, vertical ilium, ovoid obturator foramen, pronounced deltoid tuberosities on the humeri and other pronounced muscle markings throughout the skeleton Considering all the data provided above, what specific information would you be able to provide to law enforcement agencies to help identify this skeleton? a) skull slanted frontal bone: male rugged nuchal area: male rounded supraorbital margin: male Sex: Male rounded eye orbits: Asian small nasal spine: Black or Asian projecting lower eye border: Asian rounded dental arch: White Ancestry: Asian
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