Assignment 5
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December 1, 2023
ASSIGNMENT 5
1. Imagine there is a hole in the skull created by the removal of the epipteric bone in Fig. 1.
Think about the differences that would then exist between the hole portrayed in Fig. 1 and
the projectile wound (also a hole) displayed in Fig. 2. Name three characteristics that can
help to differentiate between them.
a)
Fracture lines: projectile wounds like Fig. 2 lead to radiating fracture lines that would
not appear in Fig. 1, supposing the hole is caused by removal, showing instead no
lines at all.
b)
Bevelling: because of the velocity at which they strike, projectile wounds like Fig.2
result in the bevelling of the edges of the wound (in Fig.2 case it is an inward
bevelling), while the hypothetical removal of the bone in Fig.1, since no such force is
applied, would leave no bevelling.
c)
Shape: projectile wounds like Fig. 2 leave a round-shaped hole, while the removal of
one specific bone in Fig.1 would mean that the hole would have an irregular shape
that can be attributed to the missing bone.
2. If the kerf pictured in Fig. 3 has a width of 4.23mm, a) what is the estimate of the
width of the saw blade that produced the cut? b) Based on examination of Fig. 3
and Fig 4, what do you think would be the source of energy for the blade and why?
a)
Because the width is 4.23mm it can be estimated that the saw blade is 2.82, the
result of the following equation: kerf width/1.5 = estimation of width of saw blade
b)
By analyzing the uniform and fine striations of the kerf, the source of energy of the
blade is power
3. a) What is the weight of a “White” male whose femur weighs 379g (please include
95% CI)? Suppose the remains are found with a pair of jeans with a 50-inch waist.
b) How would the estimate of body weight be affected?
Living weight —> 0.233 (379g)+57.385= 145.692
C.i 22.2 lbs x 2= 44.4lbs
Therefore the living weight would be 145.69 pounds with a 95% CI of 101.29 to 190.09
pounds
b) The presence of 50-inch waist jeans affects the estimate of the body weight as they
indicate the body weight of the individual must have been closer to the higher end of the
calculated CI.
4. A skeleton with clinging charred flesh is discovered in the remains of a burned out
vehicle. The colour of the bone is grey/blue. Using information from your textbook,
a) what is the temperature of the fire that caused the discolouration of the bone?
b) How much bone shrinkage occurred (percentage-wise)?
a)
Since the color of the bone is grey/blue we can estimate the temperature of the fire
that caused the discoloration to be around 700-800 degrees Celsius.
b)
There would be 1-3% bone shrinkage.
5. A partially-fleshed skeleton is discovered on the ground surface in a forested area.
Analysis of the bones reveals the following characteristics:
skull: slanted frontal bone; rugged nuchal area; rounded supraorbital
margin; rounded eye orbits; small nasal spine; projecting lower eye
border; rounded dental arch.
right pubic symphysis face: Defined ventral border and defined dorsal
border with possible lipping.
postcranial measurements: right femur length: 489mm; left tibia length:
436mm; left fibula length: 428 mm; right humerus length: 322mm; left
humerus length: 320mm; right radius length: 237mm; left radius length:
235mm.
post-cranial characteristics: High, vertical ilium, ovoid obturator
foramen, pronounced deltoid tuberosities on the humeri and other
pronounced muscle markings throughout the skeleton
Considering all the data provided above, what specific information would you be
able to provide to law enforcement agencies to help identify this skeleton?
a)
skull
slanted frontal bone: male
rugged nuchal area: male
rounded supraorbital margin: male
Sex: Male
rounded eye orbits: Asian
small nasal spine: Black or Asian
projecting lower eye border: Asian
rounded dental arch: White
Ancestry: Asian
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Related Questions
Facial bones that composed of 14 bones is functionally to support the eyes and position
them anteriorly. Suggest a possible treatment to be conducted if there are facial
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Key Term Matching
1. hyoid bone
large area of flexible fibrous connective tissue in fetal skull
a.
2. skull
b. second cervical vertebra
3.
parietal bone
C.
a facial bone
4.
paranasal sinuses
d. anterior portion of vertebral arch
5.
axis
found on the mandible
e.
6. temporal bone
f. lateral projections of vertebrae
7. vertebral foramen
g. protects thoracic organs
8.
manubrium
h.
first cervical vertebra
9.
spinous process
i.
located on the sacrum
10. mental foramen
j.
does not articulate with any other bones
11. intervertebral disc
k. the tailbone
12. vertebrosternal
1.
location of external auditory meatus
13. pedicle
m. located only on thoracic vertebra
14. iliac facet
n.
attachment site of intervertebral discs
15. nasal bone
o. consists of cranium and facial bones
16. соссух
p. posterior portion of vertebral arch
17. fontanelle
q. part of the sternum
18. superior costal facet
located on the sphenoid bone
r.
19. vertebral body
s. houses the spinal cord
20. orbit
t. air-filled cavities…
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Give the medical names for the following bones:
1. shoulder blade -
2. collarbone -
3. upper arm bone -
4. wrist bones -
5. breastbone
6. backbone -
7. thigh bone -
8. shin bone
(larger of 2 lower leg bones) -
9. finger bones -
10. kneecap -
Complete the medical term from its meaning and word parts given:
11. inflammation of a tendon:
12. doctor specializing in joint disorders:
13. tumor (benign) of cartilage:
14. incision of a joint:
15. suture of a tendon:
16. softening of cartilage:
17. tumor (malignant) of cartilage:
18. inflammation of a sac of fluid near a joint:
19. abnormal condition of a stiffened, immobile joint
20. abnormal condition of blood in the joint:
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Review Sheet 8
sphenoidal fontanel
enterior fontanel
mastoid fontanel
posterior fontanel
Parietal
bone
Frontal
bane
Occipital-
bone
Temporal bone
The Vertebral Column
cases.) Also use the key letters to correctly identify the vertebral areas in the diagram.
Key:
a. body
b. intervertebral foramina
c. lamina
d. pedicle
e. spinous process
f. superior articular facet
g. transverse process
h. vertebral arch
i. vertebral foramen
1. cavity enclosing the nerve cord
2. weight-bearing portion of the vertebra
3. provide levers against which muscles pull
4. provide an articulation point for the ribs
5. opening providing for exit of spinal nerves
6. structures that form an enclosure for the
spinal cord
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1. It is always acceptable for all hip fracture patients to shower as long as their incision is well covered.
92161
a. True
2. Percutaneous pinning and ORIF require attention to weight bearing precautions, and Hemi-
arthroplasty and Total Hip Replacement may require attention to both weight bearing precautions and C
hip precautions.
a. True
a. True
3. A patient with a total hip replacement (arthroplasty) will have one or more small incisions.
a. True
b. False
4. For each area on the Braden score that is less than "3", an intervention should be added.
a. True
b. False
a. True
b. False
5. Post hip fracture patient's diet needs to include high fiber foods such as fish, eggs, and pork.
a. True
b. False
b. False
6. Laxatives for post-op hip fracture patients are contraindicated because of inability to sit on the toilet.
SAN CRI
b. False
7. Patients with staphylococcus of the nares should be placed on decolonization protocol.
b. False
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Match the column
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EXERCISE
8.
REVIEW SHEET
The Axial Skeleton
Name
Lab Time/Date
The Skull
1. The skull is one of the major components of the axial skeleton. Name the other two.
and
What structures does each of these three components of the axial skeleton protect?
2. Define suture:
3. With one exception, the skull bones are joined by sutures. Name the exception.
4. What are the four major sutures of the skull, and what bones do they connect?
5. Name the eight bones composing the cranium.
6. Give two possible functions of the sinuses.
7 What is the orbit?
8. Why can the sphenoid bone be called the keystone of the cranial floor?
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cannot.
13. Match each of the following clinical indications to its correct definition.
1. Compression between the greater tuberosity and soft tissues
on the coracoacromial ligamentous and osseous arch
2. Injury of the anteroinferior glenoid labrum
3. Inflammatory condition of the tendon
4. Superior displacement of the distal clavicle
5. Compression fracture of the articular surface of the humeral
head
C. Hill-Sachs defect
D. Impingement syndrome
E. Osteoporosis
F. Rotator cuff tear
6. Traumatic injury to one or more of the supportive muscles of G. Tendonitis
the shoulder girdle
7. Atrophy of skeletal tissue
14. Match the following radiographic appearances to the correct pathology.
1. Subacromial spurs
stra
2. Fluid-filled joint space
Luego
A. Acromioclavicular joint dislocation
B. Bankart lesion
3. Thin bony cortex
4. Abnormal widening of acromioclavicular joint space
5. Calcified tendons
6. Avulsion fracture of the glenoid rim
F. Osteoporosis
7. Narrowing of joint space
G.…
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URN: 9833360 |PATIENT: HERMIONE GRANGERDOB: 15 APRIL 2016 | PAEDS
SITUATION:Miss Hermione Granger, a 5-year old girl, was brought in by ambulance accompanied by her mother following a collision with a car whilst riding her bicycle. The collision was at low speed. The injuries she sustained include a suspected fracture of her left tibia and fibula, multiple grazes across her legs and feet, left hip, and shoulder. She has a 5cm laceration on her left elbow. Hermione was wearing her helmet but has sustained a small graze above her left eyebrow. '
BACKGROUNDMiss Hermione Granger has no past medical and surgical histories. She lives at home with her parents and a younger brother. Miss Hermione Granger was born at 38 weeks gestation with no neonatal complications. Her immunisation is up to date.
ASSESSMENTHer Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is 15, moving right upper and lower limbs with mild weakness, mild weakness in left upper limb and severe weakness in left lower limb. Both her pupils equal and…
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1. What bones are present in this X-ray?
2. Are these bones in the axial or appendicular skeleton?
3. What specific bone(s) are injured in this X-ray?
4. What type of fracture/injury is present in this X-ray?
5. What may have caused this injury?
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1/2 pts
Partial
Question 3
What regions of the skeleton may be most useful for determining the sex of the individual from the skeletal remains. Choose more than
one if appropriate.
Skull
O Foot
Thoracic Cage (rib cage)
O Humerus
M Pelvis
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33/variants/850639/take/16/
What is the epiphyseal plate?
What occurs when the epiphyseal plate transitions to the epiphyseal
line?
At around what age does this transition occur?
Be sure to answer in complete sentences.
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Assignment 1
1. What type of bone is indicated by the
pink star?
2. How many osteons would you expect to
find in this particular type of bone?
3. What type of bone is indicated by the
green arrow?
4. Identify the structure indicated by the
black arrow.
5. What previously occurred here?
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Create 6 different mutiple-choice questions. Introduction of the Skeletal system and the Axial skeleton.
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za
Name:
Year and Section:
EXERCISE NO. 6
The Skeletal System
MUSCUL
SYSTE
QUESTIONSOMY
POST-DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
Date Submitted:
Group No.:.
Clinical Case
A 9-year-old male was brought to a clinic because of a fracture. He engaged in
active play with brothers and sister and accidentally fractured his tibia. On X-ray, the
fracture was complete and clean.
Which of the following statements is correct about the case? Explain your answer.
A. Bone remodelling at this age is not possible because all the bones have
fused.
B. The damaged bone can be remodelled via endochondral ossification.
C. The fractured bone will be remodelled via intramembranous ossification
D. Bone repair is unlikely to occur.
123
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URN: 9833360 |PATIENT: HERMIONE GRANGER
DOB: 15 APRIL 2016 | PAEDS
SITUATION:
Miss Hermione Granger, a 5-year old girl, was brought in by ambulance accompanied by her mother following a collision with a car whilst riding her bicycle. The collision was at low speed. The injuries she sustained include a suspected fracture of her left tibia and fibula, multiple grazes across her legs and feet, left hip, and shoulder. She has a 5cm laceration on her left elbow. Hermione was wearing her helmet but has sustained a small graze above her left eyebrow. '
BACKGROUND
Miss Hermione Granger has no past medical and surgical histories. She lives at home with her parents and a younger brother. Miss Hermione Granger was born at 38 weeks gestation with no neonatal complications. Her immunisation is up to date.
ASSESSMENT
Her Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is 15, moving right upper and lower limbs with mild weakness, mild weakness in left upper limb and severe weakness in left lower limb. Both her…
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#6
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