Cardiovascular Lab-Bio 1102-2

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School

University Of Connecticut *

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Course

1102

Subject

Biology

Date

Oct 30, 2023

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pdf

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Uploaded by MajorRain11209

Cardiovascular Lab-Bio 1102 Activity 1: ● Red blood cells are called Erythrocytes ● The lifespan of RBC is about 120 days. ● Due to the presence of hemoglobin, these cells appear red in color. ● Red Blood Cells make 36-50% of human blood ● White Blood Cells are called Leucocytes or Leukocytes ● The lifespan of White Blood Cells is around 12-20 days after which they are destroyed in the lymphatic system ● White blood cells don’t have any color to them because they don’t have any pigment ● White Blood Cells make about 1% of human blood ● Life cycle of blood: ○ The average life cycle of a human RBC is approximately 120 days. By this time, the cell is typically weakened and destroyed. RBCs pass through the liver and spleen, which are home to specialized immune cells known as macrophages. ○ Erythropoiesis is the process through which erythropoietic stem cells grow into mature red blood cells. The proerythroblast is the first cell in the red cell pathway that may be identified by its appearance. ○ The globins are a class of globular proteins that contain heme and are used to bind and/or transport oxygen. All of these proteins feature the eight alpha helical segment globin fold. Myoglobin and hemoglobin are two notable members. ○ Iron and bilirubin are the components of the heme group. Iron and amino acids can either be recycled by the cell itself or carried through the blood and into the bone marrow, where they can be used to create red blood cells. ○ Enterocytes can either store iron as ferritin or release it into the bloodstream by means of the protein ferroportin. Iron is mostly carried to the bone marrow for erythropoiesis after entering the blood and becoming bound to the transport protein transferrin. ● Hematocrit test: It is a blood test that measures the proportion of red blood cells in a person's blood. Because red blood cells carry oxygen, having a high or low level of red blood cells can indicate certain diseases.

○ Low amount of red blood cells can indicate: ■ Anemia ■ A lack of nutrients ■ Recent or long term blood loss ○ A high amount of red blood cells can indicate: ■ Dehydration ■ polycythemia vera ■ Lung or heart disease ■ Living at a high altitude ● Blood types: ○ Blood types are determined by the presence or absence of certain antigens ○ A+ ■ 1 in 16 people ■ Can go to A+, A-, AB+, AB- ■ Can receive A- or O- ○ A- ■ 1 in 3 people ■ Can give to A+ and AB+ ■ Can receive from A-, A+, B-, O- and B+ ○ B- ■ Less than 2% of the population ■ Can give to B+, B-, AB+, AB- ■ Can receive from O-, B- ○ B+ ■ 9% of the population ■ Can give to B+ and AB+ ■ Can receive from B+, B-, O+, and O- ○ O+ ■ 38% of the population ■ Can give to A+, B+, AB+, and O+ ■ Can receive from O+ and O- ○ O- ■ 7% of people ■ Can receive O- blood ■ All other blood types may receive O- blood ○ AB+ ■ Less than 4% of the population ■ Can receive from all blood types ○ AB- ■ Less than 1% of the population

■ Can give to ■ Can receive A-, B-, AB-, O- ● Pulmonary or respiratory system ● Upper respiratory tract ○ Nasal cavity ■ Large air-filled space above and behind the nose that warms or cools the air inhaled to be within 1 degree of the body temperature ○ Paranasal sinuses ■ Group of four paired air filled spaces that surround the nasal cavity. It produces the nitric oxide which functions as a facilitator of oxygen uptake ○ Pharynx ■ Part of the throat above the esophagus and trachea and moves air from the nasal and oral cavities to the larynx ○ portion of the larynx that is above the vocal cords ■ Organ at the top of the neck protects the trachea from food, as well as manipulating pitch and volume of a person’s voice ● The lower respiratory system ○ Larynx below the vocal cords ■ The recurrent laryngeal nerve provides all of the sensory and motor functions below the vocal folds. Due to its unusual route under the left subclavian artery and the right arch of the aorta, the recurrent laryngeal nerve is referred to as such ○ The trachea ■ The trachea's main job while breathing is to carry air into and out of the lungs. By warming and moistening the air and directing foreign particles upward and towards the pharynx for elimination, it also safeguards the respiratory tract ○ Bronchi ■ The two big tubes known as bronchi are responsible for transporting air from the windpipe (trachea) into the lungs and then out again. The bronchi, an essential component of the respiratory system, serve primarily as airways that transport oxygen to and remove carbon dioxide from the lungs ○ Bronchioles ■ The bronchioles' function is to transport air to the lungs' diffuse network of 300 million alveoli ○ Lungs ■ Lungs contain the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs and alveoli

Cardiovascular Lab-Bio 1102-2

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