Bio 111 Lecture 7 Homework Mitosis

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Saint Louis Community College *

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111

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Biology

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Oct 30, 2023

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docx

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Obresha Brown Homework Assignment #7 1. Describe the chromosome number using the terms diploid and haploid. The total number is the diploid (2n) number and cells with half the number of diploid’s is the haploid (n) number. 2. Explain how mitosis maintains the chromosome number in all the somatic cells of an individual. Mitosis makes identical cells within the parents exact DNA. So that will help maintain the chromosome number. 3. Describe the cell cycle, including a description of interphase. The cell cycle is the series of events that takes place in a cell as it grows and divides. A cell spends most of its time in the interphase phase in which this is the time where the cell grows, replicates the chromosomes, and prepares for cell division. 4. Describe the phases of animal mitosis, including in your description the term centrosome, nucleolus, spindle, and cleavage furrow. Prophase is where chromosomes condense and become visible. Spindle fibers emerge from the centrosomes. Nuclear envelope breaks down nucleolus then disappears. Prometaphase is where kinetochores appear at the centromeres and spindle microtubules attach to kinetochores. Metaphase is where mitotic spindle fibers are fully developed. Anaphase is where the sister chromatid is pulled toward opposite poles. Then chromosomes arrive at opposite poles and begin to decondense nuclear envelope material surrounds each set of chromosomes the mitotic spindle breaks down. Lastly a cleavage furrow separates the daughter cells. 5. Name two differences between plant cell mitosis and animal cell mitosis. Plant cells lack centrioles. In plants a new cell plate is formed between the daughter cells for the future cell wall, while in animal cells the cell membrane constricts to separate the parent cell into daughter cells. Centrosomes are formed in animal cells and not formed in plant cells. Animal cells become rounded before cell division. The shape of the plant cell does not change.
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