BSC2023 Lab 4_ Bozeman Video 1

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Florida International University *

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2023L

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Biology

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Oct 30, 2023

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pdf

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2

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Melissa Talavera 6305770 Positive and Negative Feedback Loop 1. Introduction a. Negative Feedback loop: dance around that point, brings you.., …closer to the target set point. b. Positive Feedback loop: amplifying and moving… …away from that target set point. c. What can alterations in our feedback loops lead to? They can lead to tragedies such as diabetes. 2. Negative Feedback a. Homeostasis defined: It's an internal stable environment. b. How does a hairless cat maintain homeostasis? Through… …feedback loops. c. Ectotherms defined: The internal temperature will be the same as the external temperature. d. Endotherms defined: The internal temperature will be constant. e. What types of feedback loop do we use to maintain our temperature? We use a negative feedback loop to maintain our constant body temperature. i. If too hot we (also explain why we would do that): When we get too hot we sweat because the water molecules evaporate and they carry a little bit of heat with them. We also vasodilate which means blood is carried to the surface of the skin and through convection heat will be lost. ii. If too cold we (again, explain why that behavior): When we get too cold we get goosebumps and when the hairs stand the skin is pulled. We also vasoconstrict which means we shut off the capillary shunts and pull the blood to the inside of the body. 3. Positive Feedback a. What plant hormone does ripe fruit give off? Ripe fruit gives off Ethylene. b. Why can one “bad apple” spoil a barrel? One over ripened apple can give off excess Ethylene to the surrounding apples, hence spoiling the barrel. c. How is fruit ripening an example of positive feedback? The first apple ripens and gives off Ethylene which is picked up by nearby apples. Those nearby apples then give off Ethylene as well which is then picked up by even more apples and so on. d. What is the example in humans? During childbirth, the pressure of the baby’s head on the mother’s cervix causes contractions. Which pushes more pressure on the cervix and then contractions. e. Positive feedback is not used for a long time, it is used when you want to do something… …really quickly.
4. Mistakes in Feedback Loops a. Besides being in your blood, where else could glucose go? (2x) Glucose can go in to the cells or in glycogen in the liver, b. What two hormones help with blood glucose regulation? Two hormones that help with blood glucose regulation are insulin and glucagon. c. What organ and what other job does it have? The pancreas and to empty the digestive enzymes into the small intestine. d. What are the two cells found in the pancreas and what does each do? Beta cells and Alpha cells sense the blood glucose level. The beta cells trigger an influx of calcium and insulin when blood glucose is high. The alpha cells produce glucagon when the blood glucose level goes down. e. Why do blood glucose levels usually rise three times per day? Glucose usually rises three times per day after having breakfast, lunch and dinner. f. What else was rising at the same time? At the same time the insulin level increases too. g. What is wrong when you have type I diabetes? When you are a type I diabetic the beta cells don’t work meaning insulin isn’t being released. h. What is type II diabetes a result of? Type II diabetes is a result of having too much glucose throughout your whole life and is linked to obesity and lack of exercise. i. What pattern do you see with diabetes worldwide and why is that? There is a correlation to countries with high intakes of syrups and processed food, such as the US, and diabetes.
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