Exam 3 prep questions_sp2023_5d03d6a7089206e153aad6a366e3c269

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Dec 6, 2023

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Exam 3 practice worksheet: TRUE or FALSE: ______________ 2 mutants in the same complementation group fail to complement ______________ If an enzyme in a pathway is inactive, adding excessive amounts of its substrate will restore the normal phenotype ______________ Autonomous transposable elements cannot move on their own ______________ Crossing over outside of an inversion loop will cause semi-sterility ______________ Retrotransposons do not require a protein enzyme for movement ______________ The wobble base is the 3’ base of the anticodon ______________ A silent mutation will have no effect on the protein ______________ Adenine-Uracil base pairing is stronger than Adenine-Thymine base pairing 1. A haploid yeast strain carrying recessive alleles of the linked genes his4 and leu2 was crossed to a strain that is wildtype for both genes (HIS4 and LEU2) but had an inversion of the region of the chromosome as shown in the image below. Which of these will result in semi-sterility? a. A single cross-over between the centromeres (gray circles) and the inverted region b. A single cross-over between the markers HIS4 and LEU2 c. A double cross-over between the centromeres (gray circles) and the inverted region d. A double cross-over between the markers HIS4 and LEU2 e. All of the above 2. State whether the following types of mutations would have no effect, mild effect or severe effect: a. Nonsense mutation in an amino acid near the end of the protein b. Nonsense mutation in an amino acid near the beginning of the protein c. Frame-shift mutation occurring near the beginning of the protein d. Frame-shift mutation occurring near the end of the protein e. Silent mutation f. Conservative missense mutation g. Non-conservative missense mutation in the active site of the protein h. Non-conservative missense mutation not in the active site of the protein

3. For each gene shown in the diagram, state whether the top or bottom strand will be used for transcription. 4. Which of these is DNA and which is RNA? How can you tell? 5. For the following anticodons, circle the wobble base, state all possible codons that would be recognized and what amino acid would be added. a. 5’ -GAA- 3’ b. 5’ -UAA-3 c. 5’ -IGA- 3’ d. 5’ -GUA- 3’ e. 5’ -IGG- 3’ f. 5’ -ICC- 3’ 6. Write out the steps in order for gene transcription and translation and state what happens at each step. 1. This pedigree shows the inheritance pattern of a disease caused by a rare paternally imprinted allele in a family. Genetic testing of individuals I-1 and II-5 indicates they are carriers of the disease allele. No one else in the family agreed to be tested. If first cousins III-4 and III-5 have a child together (IV-1) what is the chance the child will have the disease?

7. Given the following reporter assay results, which region contains the promoter and which region contains the enhancer? 8. Write out the steps for each cycle of a PCR reaction. What’s happening to the DNA at each step? 9. How are DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis? 10. What elements are needed in a bacterial plasmid and what is the purpose of each element? 11. How are restriction enzymes used to clone DNA fragments into plasmids? 12. Most enzymes recognize palindromic sequences- what are palindromic sequences? 13. What is the difference between sticky ends and blunt ends? 14. BamHI is a sticky end restriction enzyme- why can it only be ligated together with another DNA fragment that’s been cut with BamHI? 15. You use shotgun sequencing to determine the DNA sequence of the genome of a new fly species. For one strand of a 30-nucleotide long stretch of DNA, you get the following sequences out of your shotgun sequencing reaction. Assemble the entire 30-nt-long DNA sequence you are trying to sequence and write the full sequen ce of the DNA. Make sure to label the 5’ and 3’ ends. 5’ -GTTCGAGAT- 3’ 5’ -CGTTACCGGC- 3’ 5’ -CGAAGGCGTTAC- 3’ 5’ -CCGGCAACCTGTTC- 3’

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