bio 226 chapter 5

5

Explain the impact of unsaturated fatty acid tails, cholesterol, and temperature on membrane fluidity. Model 1 – Phospholipids 5. Refer to Model 1. a.What happens to the shape of the hydrophobic tail in a phospholipid when a double bond is present in the carbon chain? b.Explain why the flexibility (fluidity) of a membrane increases when more of the phospholipids in the layers contain double bonds. c. Why might Arctic fish have a higher concentration of unsaturated fatty acids in their phospholipids?

I'm waiting.... thank you

Part A) 1. True 2. False 3. False 4. True Part B) Transport of lactose would increase.

Osmosis Practice Activity Osmosis is the diffusion of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Only water moves in osmosis! The diagrams below show the concentration of water and salt inside the cell and the concentration of water and salt surrounding the cell. Complete the sentences below by comparing the concentration of the water inside the cell and the concentration outside the cell. 1. a. Water will flow the cell, out of the cell, in both directions). (into 5% NaCl 95% H20 95% NaCI 5% H20 b. The cell will (shrink, burst, stay the same). a. Water will flow (into the cell. 2. 5% NaCl out of the cell, in both directions). 5% NaCl 95% H20 95% H20 b. The cell will (shrink, burst, stay the same).

Diffusion with barrier temperature 1. 000 Low Watch on YouTube W 8 O **, Temperature MATUM ... Remove barrier 00 High 208 Start O Trace a molecule A periment time Gas sensor Reset experiment Stop Share 0.0 s Thermometer About Share In the scenario shown above, the green spheres are Glucose molecules and the blue dots are water molecules. What effect will the addition of energy in the form of heat change how these molecules move across a membrane? Ra

ABOUT TRANSPORT MECHANISMNO NEED TO EXPLAIN EACH ITEMS *YOU MUST ANSWER (1)-(27) *JUST FILL IN THE BLANKS THANK YOU IN ADVANCE.

What best describes the sentences? Fill the blanks.

. DRAW IT An artificial “cell” consisting of an aqueous solutionenclosed in a selectively permeable membrane is immersed ina beaker containing a different solution, the “environment,”as shown in the accompanying diagram. The membrane ispermeable to water and to the simple sugars glucose and fructosebut impermeable to the disaccharide sucrose.(a) Draw solid arrows to indicate the net movement of solutesinto and/or out of the cell.(b) Is the solution outside the cell isotonic, hypotonic, orhypertonic?(c) Draw a dashed arrow to show the net osmosis, if any. (d) Will the artificial cell becomemore flaccid,more turgid,or stay the same?(e) Eventually, willthe two solutionshave the same ordifferent soluteconcentrations?

三v ng 10. For each statement below, check the type of transport that it correctly describes. There may be more than one correct answer for each. 田 Facilitated Active Simple diffusion Osmosis Diffusion Transport Molecule moves down its concentration gradient Molecule moves through a transmembrane protein Molecules move through the phospholipids directly Molecule moves against its concentration gradient Diffusion of the solvent specifically This process requires energy This process does not require energy II

Transport Across the Cell Membrane Worksheet 1. For each of the following examples, state whether the solution is isotonic, hypertonic or hypotonic and draw an arrow to indicate which way water will move. a) b) 100% H₂O 10% NaCl 0% NaCl 90% H₂O 83 5% salt 10% salt

dentify the structure labeled A (thick line) I Choose | (Choose dentify the structure labeledB Cell membrane dentify the structure labeledC Cell wall Nucleus Jentify the structure labeled D (thin line belween the whiteeand purple) yloplasm

Please see the picture below

1:58 l 5GE Done 11 of 23 3 of 12 During an investigation on membrane transport, a researcher exposed bacterial cells to different concentrations of two different solutes: A and B. The rate of transport of each solute into cells is represented in the graph. = Solute A = Solute B Solute Concentration Which of the following best explains the greater rate of transport for solute A than for solute B at higher solute concentrations? Solute A is being transported by simple diffusion, which does not rely on membrane proteins to control the rate of transport. A Solute A is being transported by active transport, which uses ATP and has higher rates of transport than passive transport. B Solute A is being transported by facilitated diffusion, which uses membrane proteins to increase the rate of transport. Submit !! Rate of Transport II

24. On the basis of your knowledge of osmosis, predict what will happen to the water in Elodea cells.

welv ve.mexeinu Active and passive transport Scenarios Scenario 1 The diagram to the right shows iodine molecules, which are small geor enough to pass through a semi permeable membrane. A. Illustrate which way the molecules will move. B. What type of transport is this? Explain. Scenario 3

Ethanol or Lactic acid G3P Руruvat Glucose G3P Руruvat Acetyl-CoA Citric Acid Охaloacetate

Determine the type of transport. Here are your options:Simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, primary activetransport, secondary active transport1. A hydrophobic molecule is moving through the membrane2. K+ moving against its gradient (low to high) through the sodiumpotassium pump3. Water moving through the cell membrane4. A solute moving down its gradient through a carrier protein

Key Term Matching 1. solute A. has a lower solute concentration 2. solvent B. makes up interior of lipid bilayer 3. hypertonic solution C. passive movement down concentration gradient 4. hypotonic solution D. only allows some substances to pass through 5. isotonic solution E. attached to outer face of plasma membrane 6. diffusion F. in living bodies, it is water 7. osmosis G. spans entire plasma membrane 8. selectively permeable H. a special case of diffusion 9. phospholipid head I. requires assistance to cross plasma membrane 10. fatty acid tail J. substance dissolved in water 11. cholesterol K. serves as an anchor for cytoskeleton 12. carbohydrate chain L. has a higher solute concentration 13. peripheral protein M. gives plasma membrane structural strength 14. transmembrane protein N. contains a phosphate group O. has an equal solute concentration 15. facilitated diffusion 111,111"

Read This! When phospholipids are added to an aqueous environment (consisting mostly of water) the phospholipid molecules will spontaneously assemble into a phospholipid bilayer where the layers are held together by weak attractive forces between molecules. These structures are often seen in nature as cell and organelle membranes. 12. Consider animal cells, which are only bound by a cell membrane and plant cells which are bound by both a cell membrane and a cell wall. Are cell membranes flexible (fluid)? Provide specific examples to support your answer. 13. Explain why a phospholipid bilayer is flexible. terms of the strength of the forces that hold it together. 14. Refer to Model 1. a. What happens to the shape of the hydrophobic tail in a phospholipid when a double bond is present in the carbon chain? b. Explain why the flexibility (fluidity) of a membrane increases when more of the phospholipids in the layers contain double bonds. 15. The diagram below shows the chemical structure…

23.Summarize the steps that occur to set up secondary transport (co-transport) and during co-transport. Practice by drawing in circled numbers in the images below to match the steps I have summarized below. [Gluc [Na] low Na high Na ATP 1. Three Na' ions inside the cell move OUT of the cell, across the Na*K* pump, from a low to a high concentration (AGAINST their concentration gradient). This requires the energy of ATP. This sets up the concentration gradient needed in the next step (the next step requires a low Nation concentration INSIDE the cell) 2. Nations in the interstitial fluid = extracellular fluid (fluid surrounding the cell) move INTO the cell, across a co-transport protein. The ions move from a high to a low concentration (DOWN their concentration gradient). This RELEASES energy. This energy is used in the next step. 3. Glucose in the interstitial fluid moves INTO the cell, across a co-transport protein, from a low to a high concentration (AGAINST their concentration…

Osmosis 15. Contrast the following types of solutions: isotonic - hypertonic - hypotonic – Primary Active Transport 16. Describe primary active transport mechanisms using the sodium-potassium pump as an example. Secondary Active Transport 17. a. Define secondary active transport. b. How does secondary active transport maintain low calcium concentrations in the cytosel and/or absorption of nutrients into cell? Endocytosis

Activity 3d - Osmosis in plant cells 1. Fill in the table below to indicate what happened to the elodea cells in each of the following solutions. Solution Hypertonic Isotonic Hypotonic Distilled water Activity 3e Osmosis in red blood cells 1. Summarize the results of the experiment in the table below. First, indicate what the tonicity (hypertonic, hypotonic or isotonic) of the solution is and then describe the appearance of the red blood cells. Solution 10% NaCl Will the cell membrane swell or shrivel? .9% NaCl What happens to the chloroplasts in the hypotonic solution? Why do you think that happens? Tonicity of the Solution Describe the appearance of the red blood cells 1. Saltwater fish live in an environment that is saltier than the inside of their cells. Explain which way water would move relative to the cells of their bodies (i.e. would water move in or out?).

Give typed explanation

Tell me the type of transport based on the following diagrams

204solvent 55% solvent 5. For each of the situations below use arrows to indicate the net movement of sugar into or out of the cell. (ASsume that the sugar molecules can pass through the cell membrane in each case) 1% sugar 3% sugar 1% sugar 1% sugar 1% sugar 5% sugar 6. Are the scenarios above an example of diffusion or osmosis? Expla in. 9.

decor isLhetims.seattleschools.org/common-assessment-delivery/start/5398502362?action3Donresume&submissionld%=657119921 Concentration, Osmosis, and Cell Environments HW Quiz For each of the drawings, label what kind of environment it is in, how you know this, and what is happening to the cell. This cell is in a isotonic v solution. I know this because This cell will More water is coming in than going out More water is going out than coming in The same amount of water is going out and coming in

Only need B,D, and E this is one complete question

……..

MCOS: 1. Substances move through biological membranes against concentration gradients via: a. Simple osmosis b. Active transport c. Reverse osmosis d. Simple diffusion e. None of the above 2.In biological membranes, the phospholipids are arranged in a: a. Bilayer, with the fatty acids pointing toward each other b. Bilayer, with the fatty acids facing outward c. Single layer, with the fatty acids facing the interior of the cell d. Single layer, with the phosphorus-containing region facing the interior of the cell e. Bilayer, with the phosphate groups in the interior of the membrane 3.A protein that forms an ion channel through a membrane is most likely to be: a. A peripheral protein b. An integral protein c. A phospholipid d. An enzyme e. Entirely outside the phospholipid bilayer 4.Cholesterol molecules: a. Help hold membranes together b. Transport ions across membranes c. Attach to carbohydrates d. Disrupt membrane function e. Alter the fluidity of the membrane 5. When placed in a…

13.Write LEFT or RIGHT to indicate the direction of the movement of water in the following cells Pure water 10% sucrose 15% glucose (85% water) 5% glucose (95% water) 10% fructose 20% fructose (95% water) ☐ 13.1. 13.2. 13.3. 13.4. What type/s of membrane transport is/are shown in the processes above? 13.5. What structure or characteristic gives the biological membrane selective permeability?

Terms Similarity Difference Active Transport/Passive Transport 4. Osmosis - hypertonic/hypotonic/isotonic Define the following: Term Definition Isotonic Hypertonic Hypotonic Concentration in center of box is the concentration inside the cell. Concentration elsewhere in box is the concentration outside the cell. Beaker 1 A. What is the % of water inside the cell? 90% glucose B. What is the % of water outside the cell? C. Will osmosis occur? 10% glucose D. If so, in what direction will osmosis occur? E. Will glucose diffuse? F. Will the cell shrink or swell? G. How do you know? H. This diagram shows the cell in a(n) (circle one) hypotonic / hypertonic / isotonic solution.

1. Draw the structure of  phosphatidic acid. Circle the polar parts of the molecule and box the non-polar parts of the molecule. 2.Based on the structure why would this molecule be a major building block for glycerophospholipids that make up the cell membrane? In your answer include which part of the molecule would be inside the membrane and which one out and why. 3. What specific “effect”would drive your answer to 2?