Microbio HW 2
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University of Pittsburgh *
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MISC
Subject
Biology
Date
Dec 6, 2023
Type
Pages
3
Uploaded by HighnessSquid2524
Hanna Alamo
Bio-175
March 4th, 2023
Video CH6:
Summary:
The video starts with the patient, Valentina. She presented to a plastic
surgery clinic regarding injuries obtained post- motor vehicle accident. In the accident,
Valentina sustained a broken nose in the accident and is seeking a rhinoplasty to help
reposition and set the nasal bones. For post-surgical care, Valentina was told to: wash
her hands with soap and water prior to touching and removing bandages, wash the site
gently with soapy water, and lastly swab the wound with hydrogen peroxide 3%. The
day after Valentina called the office concerned that her wound bubbled when she
cleaned it with hydrogen peroxide. She then looked into hydrogen peroxide and read
that it actually slows the healing process. She found that bromelain, found in pineapple,
has been proved to speed up healing of wounds. However, after applying the juice to
her wounds 3x a day, she presents back to the clinic with redness and discharge of the
wound. A wound culture was obtained and showed bacteria consistent with
staphylococcal infection. The MSA culture showed a yellow color change, confirming S.
aureus. To treat this infection, Valentina is given IV Nafcilin.
Questions:
1)
Why does treatment of a wound with hydrogen peroxide result in bubbling?
The bubbling of a wound when treated with hydrogen peroxide. It happens
because our cells in our skin and bacteria contain an enzyme called catalase.
Catalase is a heme enzyme in nearly all aerobic cells. The “bubbles” that occur is
due to the oxygen gas being created in the reaction.
2)
What is the purpose of culture media?
A wound sample was cultured with the
medium because it provides the nutrients needed for the growth of
microorganisms.
3)
Which selective and differential medium is used to identify S. aureus?
The
selective and differential medium used to identify S. aureus is MSA, or mannitol
salt agar.
What I learned:
●
Although patients may make the incorrect decision of using the internet instead
of physicians recommendations, you still have ways to identify and treat the new
issue.
●
When I see “mannitol” I think of a very strong diuretic we use in the emergency
room for patients with brain swelling. Since the mannitol in the MSA has a super
high salt content, this makes sense on both ends and is a connection between
medicine and class.
Video CH7
Summary:
The video starts with data in the hospital showing an increase in infections
of C. diff in patients in the hospital. The three things that contribute to HAI’s are:
presence of microorganisms in the hospital, immunocompromised patients, and
transmission of infection. A way to decrease the risk is to eliminate the microorganisms
from objects, using disinfection or sterilization. This hospital uses Quats to clean the
floors and other surfaces but does not remove endospores, which could be the reason
for the increase in HAI’s. The hospital cleaning staff then switches to hypochlorite-based
disinfectants, a chlorine based cleaner that reduces C. diff spores. The change in
protocol decreases the amount of affected patients back to the normal baseline.
Questions:
4)
What are healthcare-associated infections?
HAI’s or Hospital Associated
Infections are infections that patients obtained while being treated in a hospital.
5)
What are the Spaulding rules for disinfection and sterilization?
a)
Critical: instruments that touch sterile
b)
Semi-critical: contact mucous membranes
c)
Non-critical: contact intact skin
6)
What are the signs and symptoms of a Clostridium difficile infection?
Diarrhea, frequent watery stools,melena, abdominal pain, nausea, loss of
appetite.
7)
How can Clostridium difficile endospores be eliminated from the
environment?
With hypochlorite-based disinfectants, the high concentration of
hypochlorite reduces the levels of toxigenic C. diff.
What I learned:
I have seen C. diff in patients and have been taught about the
seriousness of wearing PPE while interacting with patients, I learned more about C. diff
from a microbiology standpoint and why environmental services and my job of keeping
areas clean are so important in the hospital.
Video Ch8
Summary:
The video starts by introducing us to our patient, a 23-year old male
suffering from a postoperative infection. Drake sustained an proximal lower extremity
injury in the military that is now a concern for necrotizing fasciitis. The wound came
back positive for A. baumanii, a gram-negative bacillus that is aerobic, pleomorphic and
nonmotile. It is a common pathogen found in military hospitals. This infection is very
difficult to treat due to it having a resistance to many antibiotics. R-factors are plasmids
that carry one or more mutations. R-plasmids can move from one organism to another
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Paragraph
B
I
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DOB: 15 APRIL 2016 | PAEDS
SITUATION:
Miss Hermione Granger, a 5-year old girl, was brought in by ambulance accompanied by her mother following a collision with a car whilst riding her bicycle. The collision was at low speed. The injuries she sustained include a suspected fracture of her left tibia and fibula, multiple grazes across her legs and feet, left hip, and shoulder. She has a 5cm laceration on her left elbow. Hermione was wearing her helmet but has sustained a small graze above her left eyebrow. '
BACKGROUND
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ASSESSMENT
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(i)
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1. The wrist is
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5. The lungs are
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7. The sternum is
8. The knee is
to the fingers.
to the heart.
to the aorta.
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Angiography
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