Amber-Bio 1406

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Dec 6, 2023

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Enzyme lab report Amber King 11/09/23 Biology 1406 Abstract: In living cells, enzymes function as catalysts to quicken chemical reactions. The objective of this experiment is to identify the ideal temperature for enzyme activity by examining how temperature affects a catalase reaction. Multiple temperature ranges were tested in the experiment. Each experiment used five milliliters (mL) of 3% hydrogen peroxide solution and five milliliters (mL) of water, with bath temperatures ranging from 10, 21.5, 40, 60, and 80 °C. Upon the administration of 1 mL of catalase solution, the total amount of oxygen gas produced over a fifteen-second interval was measured. Setting the bath temperature to 40°C produced the most oxygen gas generation since it is the closest to an enzyme's ideal temperature of 37 . The result of ̊ this lab indicates that the enzymes cannot function if the temperature is not at their optimum temperature as a low temperature would slow the enzyme reaction and a high temperature would denature the enzyme entirely. Furthermore, the more substrate concentration an enzyme has the more it will have an increased chemical reaction. The interesting part about this is that enzymes play an important role in every human body's function. In fact, without enzymes, the human body would be unable to function because the chemical reactions essential to maintaining the body would fail to occur fast enough. Introduction The vast majority of enzymes are proteins; thousands of enzymes are found inside every cell and serve the body in many ways. Knowing more about enzymes can help you understand how the human body reacts. Chemical reactions are aided by enzymes and are accelerated by them (Newman, 2022). Enzymes assist in the body's functioning in numerous essential functions. The body uses enzymes to reduce larger, more complicated molecules into smaller ones. Toxins in the body are broken down by the liver, and enzymes aid in the destruction of the toxins. Enzyme specificity depends on the protein folding patterns that are determined by the amino acid sequence. The protein structure may lose its structural stability and its capacity to function as an enzyme if the enzyme is subjected to changes such as changes in temperature or pH ( Enzyme | Definition, Mechanisms, & Nomenclature , 1998). An enzyme's distinct shape is significant because it affects the way an active site can bind to substrates. This lab will use hydrogen peroxide, water, and catalase solutions to illustrate how essential

temperature, PH, and substrate are to catalase. This experimental setup will allow monitoring of catalase activity at different degrees of temperature. The hypothesis is that the catalase enzyme will accelerate the reaction when it is at its ideal temperature. A specific enzyme found in virtually all living things is catalase. One of its key roles is to catalyze the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. Materials and Methods: Constant temperature bath Five small test tubes 3% Hydrogen Peroxide Water Thermometer Five Gas syringes Catalase Solution Lab clock Waste Bin Sink Gloves Lab Coat Googles The constant temperature bath, which was set to 10 degrees Celsius, was taken off the instrument shelf and placed on the workbench. From the container shelf, a small test tube was retrieved and placed in the constant-temperature bath. 3 % Hydrogen peroxide was measured and inserted into the test tube after being retrieved from the material shelf. The water bottle had been taken from the material shelf, and 5 ML of water was placed in the test tube. One gas syringe from the instrument shelf was removed and placed on the workstation, once the temperature was stabilized and reached the same temperature as the bath, 1 ML of catalase solution from the material shelf was placed it in the test tube. A gas syringe was retrieved and inserted into the test tube immediately after adding the catalase solution; the black stopper automatically sealed the flask. Pause the experiment, double-click on the gas syringe to get the gas volume, record the time, and then press play to resume the lab. Pause the lab for fifteen seconds, then record the final volume in the gas syringe. Place the test tube in the sink after emptying it into the waste bin. This experiment will be repeated four times more, but the constant temperature bath will be reset to 21.5, 40, 60, and 80 degrees Celsius each time. After completing the lab four times more, pour the test tubes into the waste bin and place them in the sink, then place the constant-temperature bath back on the instrument shelf. The workbench should be clean.

Results Table 1 below shows that the lowest amount of CO2 was recorded at 10 degrees Celsius, with 0 being the final gas measured. Following that, an outcome of 80 degrees Celsius was observed at 0.01. 6.09 was the final gas volume obtained thereafter at 60 degrees Celsius. The most suitable temperature for CO2 production, with a final gas volume of 23.8, was 40 degrees Celsius. Following that 21.5 degree Celsius resulted in 8.12 final gas volume. The temperature in Celsius and the ultimate gas volume are shown in Figure 1. The ultimate volume created is shown on the Y axis, while the following temperatures are shown on the X axis: 10, 21.5, 40, 60, and 80 degrees Celsius. Table 1. Temperature in Celsius VS CO2 gas produced in Milliliter. Temperature in Celsius 10 21.5 40 60 80 Final Gas Volume (ML) 0 8.12 23.8 6.09 0.01 Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 4 Test 5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Temperature in Celsisus VS Starting Gas Volume & Final GAS Volume in ML Figure 1. The effect of temperature on production of carbon dioxide from catalyze enzyme.

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The intent of this laboratory experiment is to demonstrate how temperature affects the activity of enzymes. Enzyme activity can be affected by environmental factors (Petersen and Anderson 2005). Each enzyme has an ideal temperature and PH level at which it performs its best. In this lab five beakers containing five milliliters each of 3% hydrogen peroxide and water were used to set up the lab. After pouring 1 milliliter of catalase solution into the beaker, the gas volume was measured. Temperatures of 10°C, 21.5°C, 40°C, 60°C, and 80°C were observed and recorded. The hydrogen bonds that hold hydrogen peroxide molecules together weaken when the temperature approaches its optimal level, enabling catalase to interact with the molecules. The hypothesis was validated by the results. It was found in the experiment that the rate increased until the enzyme was denatured as the temperature rose and could no longer function. The increasing temperature is important because enzyme activity When molecules travel rapidly substates intersect with active sites more often (L. Urry et al, 2020). The data gathered indicates that temperature significantly affects an enzyme's ability to function. The hypothesis suggested that more gas is produced when catalase is exposed to hydrogen peroxide in optimal temperature and pH conditions. . References Enzyme | Definition, Mechanisms, & Nomenclature . (1998, July 20). Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/science/enzyme L. Urry, M. Cain, S. Wasserman, P. Minorsky, and J. Reece. 2020. Campbell Biology inFocus. 3rd Edition. Pearson Benjamin Cummings, San Francisco, CA Newman, T. (2022, July 8). Enzymes: How they work and what they do . https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/319704#the-basics Petersen, Chris E., and Barbara J. Anderson. Investigation in the Biology 1151 Laboratory. Champaign, IL: Stipes L.L.C., 2005. Print.

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