Problem set #8 Fall 2023

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School

College of Coastal Georgia *

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Course

4500

Subject

Biology

Date

Dec 6, 2023

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doc

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5

Uploaded by micash1215

BIOL 4500 – Introduction to Biological Research Name_________________________ Problem Set # 8 (1) An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a treatment for tapeworm in the stomachs of sheep. A random sample of 60 worm-infected sheep of approximately the same age and health was randomly divided into two groups. Thirty of the sheep were injected with an experimental drug and the remaining 30 were left untreated. After a 6-month period, the sheep were slaughtered and the following worm counts from their small intestines were recorded. Animals infected with a heavy parasite load will often have a lower weight than individuals with a low parasite load or animals free of parasites. Therefore, to further assess the effectiveness of the experimental drug in reducing parasite load, a subset of the sheep given the experimental drug were weighed (in pounds) both before and after the experiment. Analyze the data using the appropriate statistical techniques in SPSS and answer the questions. Drug-treated sheep: 78, 75, 68, 92, 55, 74, 65, 80, 98, 52, 67, 55, 49, 66, 75, 90, 89, 73, 61, 76, 81, 89, 82, 70, 68, 74, 85, 97, 95, 78 Untreated sheep: 71, 70, 66, 85, 60, 72, 57, 75, 92, 56, 63, 52, 48, 67, 70, 88, 80, 65, 60, 74, 76, 78, 78, 62, 73, 73, 75, 88, 94, 75 Initial weight of sheep: 30.20, 40.90, 50.10, 60.30, 70.10, 30.80, 80.10, 70.30, 50.90, 80.90 Final weight of sheep: 30.70, 40.20, 50.40, 50.80, 80.80, 30.40, 40.70, 50.30, 60.80, 70.20 (a) What are the means, standard deviations, standard errors, and variance for the data sets? (2 pts.) Descriptive Statistics N Minimu m Maximu m Mean Std. Deviation Varianc e Statistic Statistic Statistic Statistic Std. Error Statistic Statistic Drugtreated 30 49.00 98.00 75.2333 2.42624 13.28905 176.599 Untreated 30 48.00 94.00 71.4333 2.08590 11.42497 130.530 Valid N (listwise) 30
Descriptive Statistics N Minimu m Maximu m Mean Std. Deviation Varianc e Statistic Statistic Statistic Statistic Std. Error Statistic Statistic Initialweight 10 30.20 80.90 56.4600 5.97216 18.88563 356.667 Finalweight 10 30.40 80.80 50.5300 5.17535 16.36589 267.842 Valid N (listwise) 10 (b) Calculate a 95% Confidence Interval for each mean. (1 pt.) One-Sample Test Test Value = 0 t df Significance Mean Difference 95% Confidence Interva the Difference One-Sided p Two-Sided p Lower Upper Initialweigh t 9.454 9 <.001 <.001 56.46000 42.9500 69.9 Finalweigh t 9.764 9 <.001 <.001 50.53000 38.8225 62.2 Drugtreate d 31.008 29 <.001 <.001 75.23333 70.2711 80.1 Untreated 34.246 29 <.001 <.001 71.43333 67.1672 75.6 (c) State your null (H 0 ) and alternative hypothesis (H a ) for each test you intend to conduct. (2 pts.) Null: There is no difference between the drug treated and the untreated sheep Alternative: There is a greater change between the Drug treated and the untreated sheep (d) Are these tests one-tailed or two-tailed? Why? (2 pts.) One-tailed (e) Are the data normally distributed? What evidence do you have of this? Which test (parametric or non-parametric) is most appropriate in each case? (2 pts.) Tests of Normality Kolmogorov-Smirnov a Shapiro-Wilk Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig.
Drugtreated .133 10 .200 * .968 10 .872 Untreated .146 10 .200 * .941 10 .562 Initialweight .165 10 .200 * .923 10 .385 Finalweight .193 10 .200 * .939 10 .539 *. This is a lower bound of the true significance. a. Lilliefors Significance Correction (f) For the parasite load comparison, does each group have equal variance? How did you test this? What do these results mean for the tests that you will be using? (2 pts.) Independent Sam Levene's Test for Equality of Variances F Sig. t df On Drugtreated Equal variances assumed .436 .512 1.163 57 Equal variances not assumed 1.165 56.451 Independent Samples Effect Sizes Standardizer a Point Estimate 95% Confidence Interval Lower Upper Drugtreated Cohen's d 12.50020 .303 -.212 .815 Hedges' correction 12.66774 .299 -.209 .804 Glass's delta 11.62690 .326 -.195 .840 a. The denominator used in estimating the effect sizes. Cohen's d uses the pooled standard deviation. Hedges' correction uses the pooled standard deviation, plus a correction factor. Glass's delta uses the sample standard deviation of the control (i.e., the second) group. - We can see that there more than a .0005 probability so we fail to reject our null hypothesis. (g) For each test you conducted, state the calculated test statistic, degrees of freedom, and its associated p-value. Interpret your p-value statistically and biologically. (6 pts.) -
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