Chapter 27

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Exam Name___________________________________ MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Which of the following protists causes the human disease malaria? A) Plasmodium B) Giardia C) Trichomonas D) Leishmania Answer: A 2) Encouraging the growth (via nutrient fertilization) of photosynthetic protists in marine environments may help reduce global warming. Why? A) Photosynthetic protists fix atmospheric carbon dioxide, decreasing carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. B) Photosynthetic protists would release a lot of oxygen, and fertilizing them would increase levels of oxygen in the atmosphere. C) Photosynthetic protists give off a lot of carbon dioxide, and fertilizing them would increase carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. D) Photosynthetic protists use a lot of oxygen, and fertilizing them would decrease oxygen levels in the environment. Answer: A 3) How are algal blooms (red tides) typically harmful to humans? A) Humans can become poisoned when swimming in contaminated water. B) The blooms destroy shellfish and other food sources for humans. C) Shellfish eat the harmful algae, and humans eat the contaminated shellfish. D) All of the above answers apply. Answer: D 4) Phytoplankton is comprised of photosynthetic protists and bacteria. For the most part, humans do not consume phytoplankton. Why, then, are they important to humans? A) They cause serious illness in humans. B) They are not important to humans. C) They are food for many marine organisms that humans eat. D) They release a lot of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Answer: C 5) Which of the following statements is consistent with the assertion that protists are paraphyletic? A) Protists are all more primitive than land plants and animals. B) Protists all share a common set of synapomorphies. C) Protists do not share a single common ancestor. D) The common ancestor of all protists evolved into other eukaryotic groups. E) All of the above answers apply. Answer: D 1

6) You isolate a previously undescribed protist species from the soil outside your residence. Which of the following technique(s) would provide useful data for describing, classifying, and naming this new species? A) light microscopy B) electron microscopy C) gene sequence comparison D) PCR E) all of the above Answer: E 7) Which of the following would be considered a carbon sink that could potentially reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide to help alleviate global warming? A) petroleum B) sedimentary rocks C) calcium carbonate D) all of the above Answer: D 8) Which of the following characteristics is true of all protists? A) have a cell wall B) photosynthetic C) unicellular D) smaller than animal cells E) contain a nucleus Answer: E Use the following information to answer the corresponding question(s). Giardia intestinalis can cause disease in several different mammalian species, including humans. Giardia organisms ( G. intestinalis ) that infect humans are similar morphologically to those that infect other mammals; thus, they have been considered a single species, though other species in the Giardia genus infect other organisms. However, G. intestinalis has been divided into different subgroups based on their host and a few other characteristics. In 1999, a DNA sequence comparison study tested the hypothesis that these subgroups actually constitute different species. Th following phylogenetic tree was constructed from the sequence comparison of rRNA from several subgroups of G. intestinalis few other morphologically distinct species of Giardia . The researchers concluded that the subgroups of Giardia are sufficiently different from one another genetically that they could be considered different species. (T. Monis et al. 1999. Molecular systematics of the parasitic protozoan Giardia intestinalis . Mol. Biol. Evol. 16[9]:1135 - 44.) Figure 27.1 9) According to the phylogenetic tree in the figure above, Giardia intestinalis constitutes a ________ group. A) paraphyletic B) polyphyletic C) monophyletic Answer: A 2

10) By examining the phylogenetic tree diagrammed above, what conclusion can you draw about the species G. microti ? A) It should not be labeled a species distinct from G. intestinalis . B) It is part of a monophyletic group that also includes G. intestinalis . C) It evolved before G. intestinalis . D) It is more closely related to G. muris than to G. intestinalis . E) None of the above can be concluded from the data provided. Answer: B 11) Consider the following data: (a) Most ancient eukaryotes are unicellular. (b) All eukaryotes alive today have a nucleus and cytoskeleton. (c) Most ancient eukaryotes lack a cell wall. Which of the following conclusions could reasonably follow the data presented? A) The first eukaryote may have been anaerobic. B) The first eukaryote may have been photosynthetic. C) The first eukaryote may have been very similar to a plant cell. D) The first eukaryote may have been capable of phagocytosis. Answer: D 12) The microsporidian Brachiola gambiae parasitizes the mosquito Anopheles gambiae . Adult female mosquitoes must take blood meals for their eggs to develop, and it is while they take blood that they transmit malarial parasites to humans. Male mosquitoes drink flower nectar. If humans are to safely and effectively use Brachiola gambiae as a biological control to reduce human deaths from malaria, then how many of the following statements should be 1. Brachiola should kill the mosquitoes before the malarial parasite they carry reaches maturity. 2. The microsporidian should not be harmful to other insects. 3. Microsporidians should infect mosquito larvae, rather than mosquito adults. 4. The subsequent decline in anopheline mosquitoes should not significantly disrupt human food resources or o food webs. 5. Brachiola must be harmful to male mosquitoes but not to female mosquitoes. A) 2 and 5 B) 3 and 4 C) 2, 3, 5 D) 1, 2, 3, and 4 E) 1, 2, and 4 Answer: E 13) According to the endosymbiotic theory, why was it adaptive for the larger (host) cell to keep the engulfed cell alive, rather than digesting it as food? A) The engulfed cell provided the host cell with carbon dioxide. B) The engulfed cell allowed the host cell to metabolize glucose. C) The host cell was able to survive anaerobic conditions with the engulfed cell alive. D) The engulfed cell provided the host cell with ATP. E) The host cell would have been poisoned if it had digested the engulfed cell. Answer: D 14) Which of the following movements are matched correctly with the appendage that facilitates that movement in protists? A) cell crawling; cilia B) swimming; flagella C) cell crawling; flagella D) swimming; pseudopodia Answer: B 3

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