Exercise 6_Molluscs I-2
.docx
keyboard_arrow_up
School
Texas A&M University *
*We aren’t endorsed by this school
Course
314
Subject
Biology
Date
Dec 6, 2023
Type
docx
Pages
7
Uploaded by AgentKnowledgeWolf20
Exercise 6 – Mollusca Part I
Diversity of Bivalves
Two important features for classifying bivalves into higher taxonomic groups are shell mineralogy and the type
of hinge dentition. See Clarkson Figure 8.10 and associated text for descriptions of each hinge type (choose
from:
desmodont, dysodont, heterodont, isodont, schizodont, taxodont
).
A.
Specimen 156 -
What type of hinge does this this specimen have?
B.
Specimen 163
- What type of hinge does this specimen have?
C.
Specimen 188 or 461 (oyster) -
What type of hinge does this specimen have?
D.
Specimen 10836
- What type of hinge does this specimen have?
E.
Specimen 10871 or 3B (mussel)
- What type of hinge does this specimen have?
F.
Specimen in photo
- What type of hinge does this specimen have?
F2. What is the function of the chondrophore?
Morphology of a bivalve shell
For each specimen label the
anterior side, posterior side, muscle scars, pallial sinus, pallial line, umbo,
ligament, teeth and sockets. Note if any specimens do not have a specified feature.
A. Family Veneridae (Examine the large bivalve – same specimen as in Lab 2).
B.
Family (Mytilidae – Same specimen as in 1E).
C.
Family (Ostreidae – Same specimen as in 1C)
D.
Describe, in words, at least TWO morphological features that allow you to distinguish each family from the
others.
Part II:
Functional Morphology of Bivalves
Examine the
TWO
bivalves in the medium tray marked with a tag and fill out the questionnaires on the next
two pages. Use your answers to infer the life habit of each specimen. Consult Clarkson pages 152-157 (Bivalve
Functional Morphology and Ecology) and the information below to interpret the life habits of these bivalves
using their morphology. [If you run out of time in lab, you may use the links posted on Canvas for remote
work.]
Possible life habits to consider:
Deep-infaunal Shallow-infaunal Free-living epifaunal Cementing epifaunal
Attached (by a byssus) epifaunal Hard-substrate boring Epifaunal and capable of swimming
The length of the pallial sinus is an indicator of the presence/absence of siphons and, when
present, the length of the siphons indicates how deep the bivalve can burrow. Very shallow
burrowers and epifaunal bivalves do not have a pallial sinus (=no siphons).
Deep burrowers often have thin, elongate shells for fast burrowing.
Shallow burrowers often have thicker, less elongate shells with concentric ridges that help grip the
sediment as the bivalve rocks back and forth to burrow.
A scallop with acute umbonal angle and byssal notch indicates is attached by a byssus; a scallop
with an obtuse umbonal angle is free swimming (see below).
Irregularly shaped valves, or ones with a flat scar on one valve, indicate cemented bivalves.
Epifaunal and shallow burrowing bivalves will not have a gape, but deep infaunal and hard-
substrate boring bivalves can have a gape because they are otherwise protected from predation
and do not have to rely solely on closing the vales.
Hard substrate borers often have a “rasping” end with strong ribs at one end of the shell.
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
Related Questions
Hello , Happy New Year. I do hope that you can help me about this. This is my report regarding biology. It needs parameters and observation.
Thank you in advance ❤️
arrow_forward
Test II. Comparing Characteristics. Given the groupings of phyla, please indicate
within the prescribe column whether these characteristics belongs to the group. Indicate
your answer by writing Y if a characteristic and N if a non-characteristics. If
the
characteristic is not true to all members of the phylum, then write NY.
Characteristics
PORIFERA
CNIDARIA
PLATYHELMIN THES
NEMATHELMIN THES
MOLLUSCA
bilateral
symmetry
sexual
reproduction
Characteristics
ANNELIDA
ARTHROPODA
ECHINODERMATA
CHORDATA
bilateral
symmetry
sexual
reproduction
arrow_forward
able 11.1. Comparison of some representative specimens of cnidarians.
Genera
Observable stage
(medusa, polyp or both)
Other distinctive characteristics
(solitary or colonial; symmetry; with or wlo deposits)
Acropora
Aurelia
Fungia
Hydra
Table 11.2. Comparison of the main body regions and appendages of arthropods.
Class
Body Regions
Attached appendages based on body regions
Diplopoda
Chilopoda
Insecta
Arachnida
XISMATER
arrow_forward
Question:-
1.How is morphology related to food collection in protobranch and lamellibranch subclasses of bivalves?
arrow_forward
6:16
58
docs.google.com/forms
3
Refer to the figure below
15 points
based on a study by Purcell,
S., 2002. The study compared
the morphology of wild
juvenile trochus (A) and
hatchery produced trochus
(B). You will note that wild
juveniles (A) have spiked shell
whorls. In contrast, hatchery-
produced juveniles (B) of the
same size have smooth shell
whorls even at a smaller size.
Describe the adaptive
advantage that the spike
whorls confer to these
juvenile topshells. What kind
of environmental selective
pressure, could have led this
type of morphological
adaptation in topshells.
Omm10 2 0 30 40
50 0
Omm10 20 30 40 50
Figure 1.
Size series of wild-caueht (A - ton three) and hatcherv-produced (B - bottom three)
arrow_forward
14. Nematode Life Cycle Matching: Match each of the descriptions below with the correct nematode
worm species (A-D). Note that some descriptions may not apply to any of the 4 species (in which
case just write “none") and some descriptions may apply to multiple worms species (in which case
write the letters of all applicable species).
(A) Dirofilaria (heartworms) (B) Dracunculus (Guinea worm) (C) Ascaris
(D) Hookworms
1. Life cycle includes only a single host
2. The infective stage is a free-living larva that can enter the skin directly
3. On target to become the first parasite-caused human disease to be eradicated
4. Has an arthropod intermediate host
5. Traditional treatment involves winding the female worm around a matchstick
6. Infections can be prevented by not defecating on soill improving sanitation of soil
7. Female lays eggs around the anus of the host
8. Produce microfilaria that circulate in the blood
9. Has multiple larval stages and a snail intermediate host
10. Migrate…
arrow_forward
Q30: Match the all parts to this question, the answer choices are shown in the picture
arrow_forward
Q11
arrow_forward
Briefly describe characteristics of the hypothetical ancestral mollusc, and tell how each class of molluscs (Caudofoveata, Solenogastres, Polyplacophora, Monoplacophora, Gastropoda, Cephalopoda, Bivalvia, Scaphopoda) differs from the ancestral condition with respect to each of the following: shell, radula, foot, mantle cavity and gills, circulatory system, and head.
arrow_forward
please help!!
arrow_forward
Problem
Why is it believed that echinoderms and chordates, which are so dissimilar, are members of the same evolutionary line?
arrow_forward
Topic: Earthworms
1. What is the function of the setae?
2. What is the function of the openings at segment number 14?
arrow_forward
11:55 PM Fri Oct 2
57%
A d21.lonestar.edu
1 of 1
Name
Using what you know about the three major classes of mollusks, complete the chart below by
checking the correct column or columns for each characteristic.
Check even if the feature can be observed in just some species!
Type of Mollusk
Gastropods
Characteristic
Bivalves
Cephalopods
1. Intelligent, well developed nervous system
2. Has no distinct head
3. Has an open circulatory system
4. External shells present in some species
|5. Bite prey with beak
6. Uses gills for both respiration and food
collection
7. All species are carnivorous predators
8. Uses a radula for feeding
9. Can change color for camoflauge
10. Can form pearls
11. Use a type of jet propulsion for movement
12. Has bilateral symmetry
13. Has a two part hinged shell
14. Is an invertebrate
15. Some species are venomous
arrow_forward
EXERCISE 9: Introduction to the Animal Kingdom
Part 2: Modes of Digestion and Respiration, and Rotifera,
Platyhelminthes, Annelida, and Mollusca
Pre-lab questions (due at the start of the lab period)
1. You will examine four different phyla this week. Which of these four are coelomates? Which of
these four are pseudocoelomates? Which of these four are acoelomates?
2. Epithelial tissue can be found as six different types. Examine the table below and place an X in the
cells
box corresponding to the description(s). The first type has been done for you as an example.
Square
Tissue Type
Single layer
Multiple layers Thin/Flattened
Elongated
cells
Simple cuboidal
Stratified
cuboidal
Simple columnar
Stratified
columnar
• Dratiets Punch
Simple
Squamous
Stratified
squamous
X
Cells
X
tead
ka
time
sinal
ice
ho various body plans exhibited by members of the animal kingdom
arrow_forward
Hello, good day. I have a problem answering this question, and I need your help. Hoping for a response, and thank you so much.
Instruction: The answer must be in a minimum of 2 paragraphs, and each paragraph must have a minimum of 4 sentences.
Question: Give the Morphological characteristics of Aedes aegypti adults.
arrow_forward
Briefly describe:A. cnidarian adaptations that illustrate their major evolutionary advancements past spongesB. the differences between cnidarians and ctenophores and why ctenophores are evolutionarily more advanced than cnidarians
arrow_forward
Nematode identity card. How are nematodes characterized according to examples of representing beings, basic morphology, type of symmetry, germ layers and coelom, digestive system, respiratory system, circulatory system, excretory system, nervous system and types of reproduction?
arrow_forward
Q16, select all that apply
arrow_forward
2
arrow_forward
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
Recommended textbooks for you
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781305389892
Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781337392938
Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Related Questions
- Hello , Happy New Year. I do hope that you can help me about this. This is my report regarding biology. It needs parameters and observation. Thank you in advance ❤️arrow_forwardTest II. Comparing Characteristics. Given the groupings of phyla, please indicate within the prescribe column whether these characteristics belongs to the group. Indicate your answer by writing Y if a characteristic and N if a non-characteristics. If the characteristic is not true to all members of the phylum, then write NY. Characteristics PORIFERA CNIDARIA PLATYHELMIN THES NEMATHELMIN THES MOLLUSCA bilateral symmetry sexual reproduction Characteristics ANNELIDA ARTHROPODA ECHINODERMATA CHORDATA bilateral symmetry sexual reproductionarrow_forwardable 11.1. Comparison of some representative specimens of cnidarians. Genera Observable stage (medusa, polyp or both) Other distinctive characteristics (solitary or colonial; symmetry; with or wlo deposits) Acropora Aurelia Fungia Hydra Table 11.2. Comparison of the main body regions and appendages of arthropods. Class Body Regions Attached appendages based on body regions Diplopoda Chilopoda Insecta Arachnida XISMATERarrow_forward
- Question:- 1.How is morphology related to food collection in protobranch and lamellibranch subclasses of bivalves?arrow_forward6:16 58 docs.google.com/forms 3 Refer to the figure below 15 points based on a study by Purcell, S., 2002. The study compared the morphology of wild juvenile trochus (A) and hatchery produced trochus (B). You will note that wild juveniles (A) have spiked shell whorls. In contrast, hatchery- produced juveniles (B) of the same size have smooth shell whorls even at a smaller size. Describe the adaptive advantage that the spike whorls confer to these juvenile topshells. What kind of environmental selective pressure, could have led this type of morphological adaptation in topshells. Omm10 2 0 30 40 50 0 Omm10 20 30 40 50 Figure 1. Size series of wild-caueht (A - ton three) and hatcherv-produced (B - bottom three)arrow_forward14. Nematode Life Cycle Matching: Match each of the descriptions below with the correct nematode worm species (A-D). Note that some descriptions may not apply to any of the 4 species (in which case just write “none") and some descriptions may apply to multiple worms species (in which case write the letters of all applicable species). (A) Dirofilaria (heartworms) (B) Dracunculus (Guinea worm) (C) Ascaris (D) Hookworms 1. Life cycle includes only a single host 2. The infective stage is a free-living larva that can enter the skin directly 3. On target to become the first parasite-caused human disease to be eradicated 4. Has an arthropod intermediate host 5. Traditional treatment involves winding the female worm around a matchstick 6. Infections can be prevented by not defecating on soill improving sanitation of soil 7. Female lays eggs around the anus of the host 8. Produce microfilaria that circulate in the blood 9. Has multiple larval stages and a snail intermediate host 10. Migrate…arrow_forward
- Q30: Match the all parts to this question, the answer choices are shown in the picturearrow_forwardQ11arrow_forwardBriefly describe characteristics of the hypothetical ancestral mollusc, and tell how each class of molluscs (Caudofoveata, Solenogastres, Polyplacophora, Monoplacophora, Gastropoda, Cephalopoda, Bivalvia, Scaphopoda) differs from the ancestral condition with respect to each of the following: shell, radula, foot, mantle cavity and gills, circulatory system, and head.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxBiology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage LearningBiology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781305389892
Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781337392938
Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher:Cengage Learning