Exercise+3+SP23+ed

Essay question: Compare the 3-D structure of proteins with the 3-D structure of DNA

Activity 9a -DNA and RNA Structure 1. Fill in the table with the characteristics of DNA and RNA. Function Which four bases will you find? double stranded or single stranded Sugar found in the molecule DNA 2. What are the three parts of a nucleotide? RNA

Topic: Nucleic Acids (DNA)   What are Chargaff’s rules? How do these rules help in elucidating the structure of DNA?

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Question Guide: 1. Name and write the structures of the purine and pyrimidine bases present in DNA. Purine Рyrimidine Structures: Purine Pyrimidine

H2N 1.) Look carefully at this nucleotide: N: N- Но-Р-О OH a.) Number the carbons in the sugar group. (Remember the "prime" symbols.) b.) Is this a purine or a pyrimidine? How do you know? c.) Would this nucleotide be used for DNA or RNA? How do you know? (Be specific.) d.) Is this nucleotide ready to be used for DNA replication or RNA transcription? Why/why not? e.) If this nucleotide were incorporated into a growing DNA or RNA strand, where would the next added nucleotide be attached to this one?

bio 2 from Lab Manual 4 TH edition Leboffe and Pierce

Exercise 2 The DNA is a very long molecule which is composed of two complementary banks binding to each other by hydrogen bonds. Two pairs of nitrogenous bases make these hydrogen bonds, the first pair is composed of guanine and cytosine, the second pairs is composed of the thymine and the adenine. The RNA is another nucleic acid which is usually composed of a simple bank molecule; it is shorter and has instead of the thymine, a nitrogenous base Uracil. The nucleic acid can be separate DNA by the centrifugation based on the density of the molecules which is higher in DNA after this RNA of separation is subjected to another method of separation which indicates the presence in the cell of three kinds of RNA. a- Compare basing on the text the DNA and the RNA. b- In your opinion, which of the molecules of DNA and RNA has more raised density? justify. Second letter A UUU Uuc) UUA) UUG Leu CUU UCU UGU UAU) UAC Ty UAA Stop UAG Stop Phe UGC Cys UGA Stop UCC UCA UCG UGG Trp G CCU CAU) CAC His…

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Course Code: BIO-121 Chapter 3: Molecules of Life Course Name: Principles Of Biology-1 3. (i) Name the three components found in a nucleotide. (ii) State the differences between a DNA nucleotide and an RNA nucleotide.

Ref Reflection Questions: Look at the class model to help you answer these questions. 1. DNA is which macromolecule? 2. What is the monomer of this macromolecule? 3. What are the three parts of this monomer? 4. Name the different types of this monomer that make up 5. What is the same about the different molecules you listed in #4? What makes them different? 6. What types of bonds hold the DNA model together that we made? List them, what they hold together, and if they are strong or weak. 7. What patterns do you see in the DNA molecule? DNA. 8. If we had done this same model but made RNA, what would have been the same? In what ways would the model need to be different to reflect the structure of RNA? we had

BIOMOLECULES

Topic: Nucleic Acids (DNA) Explain “the two strands are antiparallel”.

Practice test

DNA Stability/Chapter 4 A solution of DNA contains two different DNA molecules. Molecule 1 is 500 base pairs and contains 100 A’s. Molecule 2 is 500 base pairs and contains 300 A’s. (1) How many AT base pairs and GC base pairs is in each DNA molecule? (2) How many, G’s, A’s, T’s and C’s are in each molecule? (3) Draw one figure that shows the relative melting temperature of the two DNA molecules.

BiochemistryChapter : Nucleotide metabolism a. Explain the difference between purines and pyrimidines!b. Describe the reaction of purine nucleotide synthesis!c. Explain the pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis reaction! Please write the answer on paper using handwriting, thanks

Part II: Information Transfer Background Information - Key Points The background information provided for this lab has given you a general overview of some of 24 the key terms and definitions necessary to understand the transfer of information from gene to protein. The information included below will help you work through the specific problems included in your Tutorial 4 Assignment. When working on the problems remember the base mu to pairing rules (Table 3). Table 3: Rules for nucleotide base pairing. cytosine (C) - guanine (G) adenine (A)- thymine (T) DNA RNA For Transcription: ● ● ● ● cytosine (C) - guanine (G) adenine (A)- uracil (U) Initiation is determined by the recognition of the promoter sequence in the DNA by the RNA polymerase. Stef The transcription start site is downstream of the promoter and is designated as the +1 site. Aspartic acid Alanina Valine Arginine Serine Lysine Asparagine Glutamic TEOPO|0C|AGUCAG|UC|AG/DCAG/3G/ CAGUC UGU A C A Threonine G Methionine Isoleucine…

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Gel electrophoresis separates nucleic acids on the basis of differences in (a) length (molecular weight) (b) charge (c) nucleotide sequence (d) relative proportions of adenine and guanine (e) relative proportions of thymine and cytosine

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Unit 4: Genetics Investigating the Building Blocks of DNA HANDOUT 4.1 Erwin Chargaff, an Austrian biochemist, had read the famous 1944 paper by Oswald Avery and his colleagues at Rockefeller University that demonstrated that hereditary units, or genes, are composed of DNA. This paper had a profound impact on Chargaff, inspiring him to launch a research program that revolved around the chemistry of nucleic acids. Of Avery's work, Chargaff wrote the following: "This discovery, almost abruptly, appeared to foreshadow a chemistry of heredity and, moreover, made probable the nucleic acid character of the gene. ... Avery gave us the first text of a new language, or rather he showed us where to look for it. I resolved to search for this text." As his first step in this search, Chargaff set out to see whether there were any differences in DNA among different species. After developing a new paper chromatography method for separating and identifying small amounts of organic material, Chargaff…

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Question: Which base (A, C, T or G) corresponds to X in the unknown? I did the experiment, got the data below, and calculated the binding constants.  But I am TOTALLY lost as to how to figure this out! I don't even know what steps I would take.   Base pairs Data – all had Temp = 250C PH = 7 Binding Constant A & X [A] = 0.00373221M [X] = 0.00373221M [AX] = 0.0462678M 3.322 C & X [C] = 0.0469007M [X] = 0.0469007M [CX] = 0.00309935M 1.409 T & X [T] = 0.0452279M [X] = 0.0452279M [TX] = 0.00477212M 2.333 G & X [G] = 0.0469554M [X] = 0.0469554M [GX] = 0.00304456M 2.633

ACTIVITY 2: Protein Synthesis 1 2. 4. DNA: 5. 3' A G C C GTA GA ATT 3. Carefully indicate the codons present in the mRNA strand from question 2. 5' Using this strand of DNA as a template, DRAW A PICTURE of the complete DNA molecule. Include ALL parts of the DNA molecule. You do not need to draw your molecule with atomic accuracy. Now draw a complete picture of the mRNA strand that will be made from this DNA. Label the 5' and 3' ends of your mRNA strand. (Use the given DNA strand at the top of this page as your template...) Draw a COMPLETE picture of all the tRNA molecules that will match up with the codons from the previous question. Include ALL APPROPRIATE amino acids in your picture, and do not mix up their order! Draw a picture of the completed protein coded for by this strand of DNA (abbreviations are fine). Show the amino acids in the same order they would be observed in the finished protein.

Exercise 15. What is the resulting amino acid sequence from the parent DNA double helix as follows? - 5' 3' - AAG ACC CT T T 5'- TT CT G G G A A A A ACT A AGT T GA T T C A - 3' b. If the C at the 5th DNA base (3'5' strand) was deleted, what is mutated mRNA and the resulting amino acid sequence? TA

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Please make me understand clearly make sure the bonds are correct and the picture is clear

b. What is the difference between the 3' and the 5' ends of a nucleotide chain? C. Do the chains run the same way? d. How are the chains connected? e. Which bases bond to each other? f. What kinds of bonds hold the chain together? 3. What are the main differences between RNA and DNA? 4. Distinguish between the structure of pyrimidines and purines. Explain why adenine bonds only to thymine. 5. Name the five nitrogenous bases in the table below, and put an X in the correct column for each base. Then indicate if the base if found in DNA (D), RNA (R), or both (B) hp

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Problem B. DNA: Codon SegmentingThe way that DNA is often interpreted as genes is in groups of three nucleotides at a time, called “codons.” Thus, the DNA strand dna_str = 'agctttcattctgac' Can be broken into codons in the following three ways: agc ttt cat tct gac a gct ttc att ctg ac ag ctt tca ttc tga c # reading frame 0 # reading frame 1 # reading frame 2 Notice that in these lines, we start reading codons at string indexes 0, 1 and 2. The three different start indices are known as reading frames, and are called reading frame 0, reading frame 1 and reading frame 2, respectively. It is not always clear which of these frames will be read by genetic transcription mechanisms, so it is often useful to be able to be flexible and consider any of them when working with DNA strands. Write a function segment that takes as an input a string containing a DNA strand, and a reading frame (0, 1 or 2) to use. The function should return a list containing the sequence of individual codons. You…