Worksheet9-Chapter12 (1)

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Orange Coast College *

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A125

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Biology

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Dec 6, 2023

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BIOL 125 – Human Biology Allissa M. Blystone, PhD Orange Coast College Chapter 5: The Skeletal System Worksheet #9 Activity 1: Functions of the Bones List the six main functions of the bones and explain how each contributes to overall homeostasis of the human body. 1:Support: Bones provide a framework that supports the body and maintains its shape. This function helps to maintain overall body posture, which is important for proper organ function. 2:Protection: Bones provide protection to delicate organs such as the brain, heart, and lungs. This function helps to prevent injury and maintain homeostasis by ensuring that these organs are functioning properly. 3:Movement: Bones act as levers that are moved by muscles to allow for body movement. This function is important for maintaining muscle and joint health, as well as for facilitating physical activity that contributes to overall health and homeostasis. 4:Mineral storage: Bones store minerals such as calcium and phosphorus, which are important for various bodily functions such as nerve function, muscle contraction, and blood clotting. This function helps to maintain overall mineral balance in the body, which is crucial for homeostasis. 5:Blood cell formation: Bones contain bone marrow, which is responsible for the production of blood cells such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. This function is essential for maintaining proper blood composition and homeostasis. 6:Energy storage: Bones can also store fat as an energy reserve. This function is important for maintaining overall energy balance in the body and supporting various bodily functions such as hormone regulation and temperature control. Activity 2: Structure of the Bones 1. Compare and contrast the structure and function of spongy and compact bone. Include locations of each.
Spongy and compact bone are two types of bone tissue found in the skeletal system. Compact bone is dense and strong, composed of tightly packed osteons or Haversian systems, while the spongy bone is less dense and more porous, composed of trabeculae with spaces filled with bone marrow. Compact bone is found in the outer layer of bones and provides support and protection, while the spongy bone is found in the inner layer of bones and serves as a site for blood cell production and mineral storage. 2. Why would adults have more yellow marrow in their long bones than children, who have more red bone marrow? Adults have more yellow marrow in their long bones than children because as people age, their bone marrow shifts from red to yellow. Red bone marrow is responsible for producing blood cells, while yellow bone marrow is responsible for storing fat. Since children require a higher production of blood cells for growth and development, they have more red bone marrow. As adults reach maturity, their bone marrow begins to shift from red to yellow, leading to a higher proportion of yellow bone marrow in their long bones. 3. Why is there a medullary cavity with spongy bone in the long bones, but the skull lacks spongy bone? The medullary cavity with spongy bone in the long bones serves as a site for bone marrow production and storage. The skull, on the other hand, lacks a medullary cavity and spongy bone because it does not require the same level of blood cell production and storage as long bones. Additionally, the skull has a more protective role and does not require the same degree of structural support as long bones. 4. Draw the osteon. Label the following: central canal, osteocytes, lacuna, lamella, and canaliculi, giving the function of each.
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