Practice Exam 1

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Texas Tech University *

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3401

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Biology

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Apr 3, 2024

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docx

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11

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This exam was used in a previous year (40 questions; 50 min) A different textbook was used for that year so the material can be somewhat different from this year 1. Besides the DNA residing in the nucleoid, two other kinds of DNA molecules that may be present in the cytoplasm of a bacterial cell are ________ and the genomes of ________. a. plasmids; ribosomes b. plasmids; bacteriophages c. plasmids; viroids d. plasmids; prions e. introns; exons 2. The highest useful magnification for a light microscope is about a. 100X. b. 100,000X. c. 1,000X. d. 10,000X. e. 1,000,000X. 3. Which of the following would be MOST appropriate to visualize viral particles being assembled inside an infected bacterial cell? a. dark-field microscopy b. scanning electron microscopy c. atomic force microscopy d. fluorescence microscopy e. transmission electron microscopy 4. All of the following are components of peptidoglycan EXCEPT a. N-acetylmuramic acid. b. peptide cross-links.
c. N-acetylglucosamine. d. lipopolysaccharide. e. amino acids. 5. Find the correct start and stop codons in this messenger RNA: 5′- GAGUUAUGCACGGGUUCUAUGUGUAG-3′.  Which of the following peptides might this mRNA code for? Here is the genetic code table. a. ASP-VAL-TYR-LEU-GLY-TYR-VAL-LEU b. MET-HIS-GLY-PHE-TYR-VAL c. GLU-LEU-CYS-MET-GLY-SER-MET-CYS d. MET-CYS-ILE-LEU-GLY-THR-TYR e. MET-GLY-SER-MET-CYS 6. Organisms that grow at temperatures as high as 121°C as well as high pressure are known as
a. psychrophiles. b. thermophiles. c. acidophiles. d. hyperthermophiles. e. extreme halophiles. 7. What is the best explanation for a Gram-positive bacterium appearing pink after performing a Gram stain? a. The safranin staining period was too short. b. The safranin was left on for too long. c. The decolorizer was left on for too long. d. The crystal violet was left on for too long. e. The iodine was left on for too long. 8. In the following figure, which label represents the promoter? a. A b. C c. D d. B 9. After ________, each polypeptide must be properly folded and placed at the correct cellular or extracellular location. a. transcription b. translation c. degradation d. replication 10. Many lab bacteria strains lack structures such as capsule, S-layer, pili, or nanotubes which they normally make in nature because
a. certain essential growth factors are missing. b. they do not have enough nutrients. c. they do not have enough air. d. these structures are not needed for their growth in the lab so they stop making them. e. they are infected by bacteriophages. 11. Natural ecosystems are often __________ and the sudden infusion of a formerly limiting nutrient will cause _____________. a. oligotrophic, acidification b. acidic, algal bloom c. eutrophic, eutrophication d. oligotrophic, fish growth e. oligotrophic, eutrophication 12. Alkaliphiles use ________ force in addition to proton motive force to perform essential functions such as flagellar rotation. a. magnesium motive b. calcium motive c. sodium motive d. potassium motive 13. Which of the following steps is NOT part of the replicative cycle of a lytic phage? a. Many copies of phage DNA are made. b. Phage DNA is injected into the bacterial cell. c. Progeny phages exit the host cell via lysis. d. The phage DNA integrates into the bacterial chromosome. e. The phage DNA is transcribed, and the resulting mRNA is translated to make capsid proteins.
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