Lab 7 Respiratory Cycle I 2015-10-19a

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Lab 7: Respiratory Cycle I Revised: 2014-03-17 RESPIRATORY CYCLE I DATA REPORT Date: 3/20/24 Student’s Name: Charbel Saad Lab Section: L51 I. Data and Calculations Subject Profile Name: John-L08 Age: ______ Height:_____________ Gender: __Male __Female Basic statistics ࠵?࠵?࠵?࠵? = ∑ ࠵? ! ࠵? x i is the value number i and n is the total number of values ࠵?. ࠵?. = , ∑(࠵? ! − ࠵?̅) " ࠵? − 1 Example: Example: Given the values: X 1 =2, X 2 =2.7, X 3 =2.2 Mean = "#".%#"." & = 2.3 SD = 4 ("(".&) ! #(".%(".&) ! #("."(".&) ! &(+ = 4 ,.,-#,.+.#,.,+ " = 0.360 A. Eupnea (Normal Breathing - Segment I). Complete table with values for each cycle. Calculate the means for Segment1: (10 points) Parameter Measurement Cycle 1 Cycle 2 Cycle 3 Mean S.D Inspiration Duration ∆T (in s) 3.54 3.85 3.54 3.69 Expiration Duration ∆T (in s) 2.09 2.56 2.23 2.56 Total Duration ∆T (in s) 5.63 6.41 5.77 6.25 Breathing Rate BPM 9.92 10.13 10.00 10.42

Lab 7: Respiratory Cycle I Revised: 2014-03-17 B. Comparison of Ventilation Rates and temperature changes (Segments 2-4) Complete table with measurements from three cycles of segments 2, 3, and 4, and calculate the means (10 points) Measurement Hyperventilation Hypoventilation Cough Read Aloud duration ΔTemp duration ΔTemp duration ΔTemp duration ΔTemp Cycle 1 1.19 0.21 4.01 1.99 7.77 1.08 6.32 1.17 Cycle 2 1.47 0.36 4.78 1.95 7.05 1.51 Cycle 3 1.26 0.17 5.62 2.26 6.89 1.47 mean 1.42 0.27 4.81 2.06 6.72 1.40 S.D. C. Relative Ventilation Depths (Segments 1-4) Complete table with measurements from three cycles of segments 1, 2, 3, and 4, and calculate the means (10 points) Depth Cycle 1 p-p Cycle 2 p-p Cycle 3 p-p Mean SD Eupnea Segment 1 0.57 0.57 0.61 0.58 Hyperventilation Segment 2 0.64 0.79 0.72 0.71 Hypoventilation Segment 3 0.35 0.33 0.36 0.34 Cough Segment 4 2.43 2.43 D. Association of Respiratory Depth and Temperature (Segments 1-3) Complete table with measurements from segments 1, 2, and 3 (10 points) Measurement Ch. During Eupnea After Hyperventilation After Hypoventilation Maximum ∆Temp p-p 2.36 2.34 2.57 maximum inspiration maximum ∆Temp interval ∆ time 3.43 2.89 2.29

Lab 10: Respiratory Cycle I Revised: 2013-11-04 II. Questions (10 points each) E. If the subject holds his/her breathe after hyperventilation or hypoventilation. In which case he/she will be able to hold it for a longer period of time? Explain your answer. They would be able to hold it longer after hyperventilation because the level of carbon dioxide in the blood is much lower than normal, so the chemoreceptors are not triggered for us to breathe. F. Define apnea vera and describe the physiological process that causes it. Apnea vera is a sensation of breathing so the chemoreceptors lead to temporary sensation of breathing for a few seconds in order to get the carbon dioxide levels back up to where they should be. G. In which parts of the respiratory cycle is the air temperature highest and lowest? Explain why the temperature varies with the respiratory cycle. Highest temperature is during insulation when you exhale the air out, and lowest temperature is inhalation when the air is coming in. H. List and explain three differences between hypoventilation and hyperventilation. In Hypoventilation the level of carbon dioxide goes up and PH drops. Hyperventilation has a higher level of breathing, and the blood carbon dioxide levels drop so the blood PH will start to rise. I. What modifications of the breathing cycle occur when reading aloud? Explain. To create sound, you have to force the air out of your body and when the air is forced out it hits the vocal cords, and they vibrate which generates sound. Your breathing pattern will change for this to happen. This is where irregular breathing pattern comes into play when you try to read out loud because you must force the air out and this affects the regular pattern of breathing. J. During eupnea, did the subject inspire immediately after the end of expiration? Was there a pause? Explain your answer. Yes, there was definitely a pause and then the breathing will resume. Bonus: How does ventilation regulate blood pH? By decreasing the level of carbon dioxide this will force the reaction to go in one direction and if you increase the level of carbon dioxide you can force the reaction to go

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Lab 10: Respiratory Cycle I Revised: 2013-11-04 the other direction. This is equilibrium it moves either right or left depending on the high or low levels of carbon dioxide. Decreasing carbon dioxide will drive the equilibrium towards the right side, increasing PH and therefore the concertation of H plus drops that’s how the PH goes up.

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