Exam 1 Review S24
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Pickett
BIOL4360
Spring 2024
Exam 1 Review
Point distribution by question type
Open answer
Multiple Choice
True/False
Matching
30
32
16
22
Point distribution by instructional unit
Foundations lecture & Chapters 1-5 (34 points)
--Define: basal, derived, developmental trajectory, genetic drift, homeobox, homeodomain, hox
genes, polymorphism, and ectopic expression.
--Explain how various alterations in a DNA sequence can lead to heritable variation. --Identify components of a signaling pathway (ligands, receptors, activators, repressors, upstream effectors, downstream effectors, genes, etc.) and their functions.
Paper Set 1 (6 points)
--Compare/contrast general methodologies for morphological analysis vs. functional analysis.
--Describe the relationship between correlation and causation. Changes in Time and Space lecture & Chapters 6-7 (6 points)
--Recognize examples of heterochrony. --Recognize examples of heterotopy. Paper Set 2 (11 points)
--Describe where/how somites form. --Explain the basis and
support for the marsupial development energy trade-off hypothesis mentioned by Keyte and Smith.
--Summarize the results and conclusions by Xiong, et al, for experiments analyzing fat accumulation in Pachón cave fish (as compared to surface fish controls). Paper Set 3 (12 points) --Identify the two phenotypes/traits in P. pubescens
in which heterotopic expression of MPF2
is involved. --Propose how a selective force for the maintenance of the ICS phenotype in Physalis
could be altered over evolutionary time to yield a viable/fit species (in the genus) that does not exhibit ICS. --Identify the location/position of snake fangs (and pre-fang cell populations) during development. --Describe the model proposed by Vonk, et al, for the evolution of snake fangs.
Pickett
BIOL4360
Spring 2024
Changes in Amount and “Type” lecture & Chapters 8-9 (8 points)
--Recognize examples of heterometry. --Recognize examples of heterotypy. --Compare/contrast cis-regulation and trans-regulation.
Paper Set 4 (11 points)
--Describe the proposed developmental basis for eye regression in Astyanax mexicanus
cavefish. What experiments were important in determining this?
--Define Dollo’s Law.
--Explain the results of the handplate culture experiments conducted by Sears, et al. --Describe what type of cis-regulatory change in Bmp2 expression is proposed to be (at least partially) responsible for the elongation of bat forelimb digits.
Paper Set 5 (12 points)
--Define: aposematism and crypsis
--Discuss the opposing selective pressures that led to the latitudinal gradient of human skin pigmentation and the relative fitness of the phenotypes. --Explain how/why Lamason, et al concluded that SLC24A5 affects pigmentation in both
zebrafish and humans.
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Marcus is admitted to the hospital for a bone marrow stem cell transplant from hs brother. What will happen after his brother's stem cells are transplanted into Marcus?
OA.
The stem cells will divide through meiosis to create haploid stem cells.
O B.
The stem cells will divide through mitosis to create diploid stem cels.
OC.
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OD.
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What are the possible genotypes in the Punnett square?
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In guinea pigs, black hair (B) is dominant to white hair (b) and rough hair (R) is dominant to smooth hair (r). What are all the possible genotypes of a
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Which of the following is NOT a gamete (sex cell)?
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Two rough black guinea pigs when bred together have two offspring. One of them is rough white and
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Phenotypes
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Marcus is admitted to the hospital for a bone marrow stem cell transplant from his brother. What will happen after his brother's stem cells are transplanted into Marcus?
O A.
The stem cells will divide through meiosis to create haploid stem cells.
OB.
The stem cells will divide through mitosis to create diploid stem cells.
OC.
The stem cells will divide through meiosis to create diploid stem cells.
The stem cells will divide through mitosis to create four haploid daughter cells.
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1) Explain with both proper terminology and a punnett square why recessive traits can remain “hidden” in generations. Be sure to explain the difference between phenotype and genotype.
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X Y
Based on the karyotype, which of the following statements is most likely true?
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The individual has a genetic condition caused by the X and Y chromosomes being different
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each parent contributed the same allele for that trait.
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one parent contributed two different alleles for that trait
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18. A breeding pair of rabbits escaped from their cage behind a farmer's barn. The farmer observed the rabbits and.kept
data on their population size for ten years. During this time, the rabbits reproduced and their offspring reproduced many
times. The fenced, undisturbed two acres where the ribbits live support populations of predators, such as hawks and
snakes, as well as a limited supply of grass and water. At the end of the ten years, the farmer graphed the data he
collected. Which of the following graphs would its population growth look like? Don't pick E, you're welcome.
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Time
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Population size
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Name
To be Submitted on:
Time Frame:
EVOLUTION
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to describe general features of the
history of life on Earth, including generally accepted dates and sequence of the
geologic time scale and characteristics of major groups of organisms present
during these time periods; and explain the mechanisms that produce change in
populations from generation to generation (e.g., artificial selection, natural
selection, genetic drift, mutation, recombination)
TOPIC:
Learning Competencies:
Earth formed 4.6 billion years ago. Life first appeared on Earth about 4 billion years ago. The first life
forms were microscopic, single-celled organisms. From these simple beginnings, evolution gradually produced
the vast diversity of life today.
In this lesson, you'll learn about the history of life from its origins until now. You'll learn that living things
had to cope with some astounding changes. Giant meteorites struck Earth's surface. Continents drifted and…
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