Exam 1 Review S24

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University of Texas, Dallas *

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4360

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Biology

Date

Apr 3, 2024

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docx

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2

Uploaded by BrigadierSnakePerson3001

Pickett BIOL4360 Spring 2024 Exam 1 Review Point distribution by question type Open answer Multiple Choice True/False Matching 30 32 16 22 Point distribution by instructional unit Foundations lecture & Chapters 1-5 (34 points) --Define: basal, derived, developmental trajectory, genetic drift, homeobox, homeodomain, hox genes, polymorphism, and ectopic expression. --Explain how various alterations in a DNA sequence can lead to heritable variation. --Identify components of a signaling pathway (ligands, receptors, activators, repressors, upstream effectors, downstream effectors, genes, etc.) and their functions. Paper Set 1 (6 points) --Compare/contrast general methodologies for morphological analysis vs. functional analysis. --Describe the relationship between correlation and causation. Changes in Time and Space lecture & Chapters 6-7 (6 points) --Recognize examples of heterochrony. --Recognize examples of heterotopy. Paper Set 2 (11 points) --Describe where/how somites form. --Explain the basis and support for the marsupial development energy trade-off hypothesis mentioned by Keyte and Smith. --Summarize the results and conclusions by Xiong, et al, for experiments analyzing fat accumulation in Pachón cave fish (as compared to surface fish controls). Paper Set 3 (12 points) --Identify the two phenotypes/traits in P. pubescens in which heterotopic expression of MPF2 is involved. --Propose how a selective force for the maintenance of the ICS phenotype in Physalis could be altered over evolutionary time to yield a viable/fit species (in the genus) that does not exhibit ICS. --Identify the location/position of snake fangs (and pre-fang cell populations) during development. --Describe the model proposed by Vonk, et al, for the evolution of snake fangs.
Pickett BIOL4360 Spring 2024 Changes in Amount and “Type” lecture & Chapters 8-9 (8 points) --Recognize examples of heterometry. --Recognize examples of heterotypy. --Compare/contrast cis-regulation and trans-regulation. Paper Set 4 (11 points) --Describe the proposed developmental basis for eye regression in Astyanax mexicanus cavefish. What experiments were important in determining this? --Define Dollo’s Law. --Explain the results of the handplate culture experiments conducted by Sears, et al. --Describe what type of cis-regulatory change in Bmp2 expression is proposed to be (at least partially) responsible for the elongation of bat forelimb digits. Paper Set 5 (12 points) --Define: aposematism and crypsis --Discuss the opposing selective pressures that led to the latitudinal gradient of human skin pigmentation and the relative fitness of the phenotypes. --Explain how/why Lamason, et al concluded that SLC24A5 affects pigmentation in both zebrafish and humans.
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