Lab 14_ Joints Lab Exercises
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Lab 14: Joints Lab Exercises
Introduction
Now that you have learned about the bones of the body, you will learn about three major articulations: the shoulder, hip, and knee. To complete this lab, use the following resources:
●
Your textbook:
○
Recommended Marieb and Hoehn 11th Ed. Textbook: Chapter 8, Section 8.5
○
OpenStax OER Textbook: Chapter 9, Section 9.6
●
Learning tools on Canvas including the Lab Videos, Bone Photo Album, and Drag and Drop Labeling activities.
Major Articulations (Joints) of the Appendicular Skeleton
The knee, hip and shoulder are classified functionally as diarthrotic articulations (joints). These joints are considered to be fully movable. The knee is a uniaxial joint (= moves in one plane) that can perform
flexion and extension. The shoulder and hip are multiaxial joints that move in many planes and can perform the following actions: flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, circumduction and rotation. Structurally, all diarthrotic joints are synovial joints with a joint capsule that produces a lubricating and cushioning fluid. View the articulation models, photos, and videos to find the following structures:
Shoulder (Glenohumeral) joint
coracohumeral ligament
acromioclavicular ligament
coracoacromial ligament
glenohumeral ligaments (multiple ligaments)
Hip (Coxal) joint
pubofemoral ligament
ischiofemoral ligament
iliofemoral ligament
Knee (Tibiofemoral) joint
anterior cruciate ligament
posterior cruciate ligament
medial (tibial) collateral ligament
lateral (fibular) collateral ligament
lateral meniscus
medial meniscus
patellar ligament
BIO201 @ MCC
Lab 14: Joints Lab Exercises, Page 1
Lab 14: Questions on Joints Lab Exercises
Student Name: _____________________
Terminology
1.
What is the function of a ligament?
A ligament is a tough connective tissue between bones to hold them together.
2.
The functional classification of the hip joint is: Gives stability and bares weight.
3.
The structural classification of the shoulder is: Ball and socket. 4.
Give the two (2) MAIN functions of synovial fluid in diarthrotic articulations.
Gives lubrication and allows free movement. 5.
What is(are) the main shock absorber(s) in the knee joint?
The meniscus is the main shock absorber of the knee joint.
Ligaments
6.
The most common knee injury involves which two ligaments?
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and the medial collateral ligament.
7.
The coracoacromial ligament connects which specific parts (bony landmarks)? Include the name of the bone each landmark is located on in your answer. This connects the coracoid process on the scapula to the acromion process on the clavicle.
BIO201 @ MCC
Lab 14: Joints Lab Exercises, Page 2
Labeling Exercise: Joints
Remember to also complete and submit the Labeling Exercise: Ligaments
(below) with your lab upload. If you do not have a printer, use the numbers to fill in the table on page 5
. Solid boxes indicate bones and dashed boxes indicate ligaments and other structures.
BIO201 @ MCC
Lab 14: Joints Lab Exercises, Page 3
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Lab 12.pdf
154
C. STRUCTURE OF A SYNOVIAL JOINT
1. Label the figure on the right with the terms in the
box.
Ligament
articular cartilage
joint (articular) capsule
fibrous capsule
synovial membrane
cavity containing synovial
fluid
Proximal
phalanx
D. TYPES OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS
1. Fill in the table with the six types of synovial joints
Synovial Joint
Name
Middle
phalanx
Location(s) in the
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Axes of Rotation
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Name:
Year and Section:
EXERCISE NO. 6
The Skeletal System
MUSCUL
SYSTE
QUESTIONSOMY
POST-DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
Date Submitted:
Group No.:.
Clinical Case
A 9-year-old male was brought to a clinic because of a fracture. He engaged in
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B. The damaged bone can be remodelled via endochondral ossification.
C. The fractured bone will be remodelled via intramembranous ossification
D. Bone repair is unlikely to occur.
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Name
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Worksheet for Lab Exercise 10
The Appendicular Skeleton
Objective 1: Identify the bones and bone markings of the pectoral girdle.
Clavicle
Posterior
Anterior
Anterior
Posterior
(b) Right clavicie, superior view
(e) Fight etavlele, interior vlew
1.
3.
2.
Scapula, Anterior View
Scapula, Posterior
Scapula, Lateral
In igni scapulaterior pect
tariorapect
ight seapula, lateral pect
nteee rame DumeanmtAon
1.
5.
9.
12.
6.
10.
3.
7.
4.
Objective 2: Identify the bone and bone markings of the humerus.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Pe ew
Coymatt De n
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Lab Activities
A. AXIAL SKELETON.
1. The skull. Your instructor will give each group a skull. Some skulls are real (look for chipped
bones) while others are plastic models. Make sure you look at both types. Identify the following
structures (same ones you already labeled).
frontal
parietal
occipital
Cranial Bones
temporal
sphenoid
ethmoid
Facial Bones
maxilla
mandible
lacrimal
palatine
zygomatic
nasal
vomer
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5. What are fontanels? What is their function? Find fontanels on the fetal skull model.
6. Bone surfaces have a variety of bumps, depressions, canals, pores, depressions and projections.
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EXERCISE
9.
REVIEW SHEET
The Appendicular Skeleton
Name
Lab Time/Date
Bones of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limb
1 Mateh the bone names or markings in the key with the leader lines in the figure. The bones are numbered 1-8. (Some
terms may be used more than once.)
Key:
acromion
capitulum
carpals
clavicle
coracoid process
coronoid fossa
coronoid process of ulna
deltoid tuberosity
greater tubercle
humerus
lateral epicondyle
medial epicondyle
metacarpals
phalanges
radial tuberosity
radius
scapula
styloid process
subscapular fossa
trochlea
ulna
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concentric action
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eccentric action
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Agonist
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Tangential projectien
18. Situation: A patient has a routine elbow series performed. The AP projection indicates a possible deformity or
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| Exercise 5: Human Osteology: The Skull
Label of skull you are measuring:
Measurement
Millimeters
maximum cranial EU-> EU
૧
breadth
maximum cranial
G -> OP
2
length
nasal breadth*
AL - AL
า
nasal height
NS -> N
?
て
60
20
*Drawing to right shows nasal breadth and height. al
marks alae.
al
al
ns
Calculate the following indices from your measurements.
Cranial indices are divided into three categories. In the box write the category into which your
skull falls.
<75
75-79.9
80+
dolichocephalic
mesocephalic
brachycephalic
2
Nasal indices are divided into several categories. In the box write the category into which your
nose falls.
ultraleptorhine
below 40
40-55
hyperleptorhine
55-70
leptorhine
70-85
mesorhine
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100-115
above 115
platyrrhine
hyperplatyrrhine
ultraplatyrrhine
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er 7 Homework
eling Activity: Figure 7.35b
Lateral malleolus
Tibia
Medial condyle
Head of fibula
Fibula
Medial malleolus
J1
©2019 Person Education
Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education Inc. All rights reserved. | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Permissi
1
P Pearson
&
7
k
8
8
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