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BIOL 1106 Activity
Spring 2023
Lesson 15: Gas Exchange in Multi-celled Animals (10 pts)
This graded assignment is subject to the Virginia Tech Honor Code. Sharing or posting any content from this assignment, or using such shared or posted assignment content to answer assignment questions, is a violation of the Virginia Tech Honor Code.
Names and email addresses of team members:
1.
2.
3.
Learning Objectives: 1. Provide examples of evolutionary strategies that have maximized gas diffusion in invertebrate and vertebrate respiratory systems.
3. Explain the roles of counter current flow, diffusion, and partial pressures in gas exchange.
5. Using the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve, explain how hemoglobin provides an oxygen reserve. 6. Explain the benefits of an oxygen reserve and how myoglobin also contributes to the reserve.
S1: Apply scientific reasoning to biological problems. S3: Interpret and draw conclusions from scientific data
S4: Apply basic quantitative methods to biological problems
Part I: Fick’s Law in Plain English
(LO 1, 3). Everyone has the capacity to understand Fick’s Law, but textbooks don’t always do a great job of making it understandable. This part of the activity will guide you to construct an understanding of Fick’s law to explain concepts of diffusion in respiration.
Your textbook (Raven et. al 2011, p. 1002) says:
Fick’s Law states that for a dissolved gas, the rate of diffusion (
R
) is directly proportional to the pressure difference (Δ
p
) between the two sides of the membrane and the area (
A
) over which the diffusion occurs. Furthermore, R
is inversely proportional to the distance (
d
) across which the diffusion must occur. A molecule-specific diffusion constant, D
, accounts for the size of the molecule, membrane permeability, and temperature. Shown as a formula, Fick’s Law is stated as:
R
=
DAΔp
d
This graded assignment is subject to the Virginia Tech Honor Code. Sharing or posting any content
from this assignment, or using such shared or posted assignment content to answer assignment questions, is a violation of the Virginia Tech Honor Code.
1
BIOL 1106 Activity
Spring 2023
1. (2 pts) Many people would find this explanation difficult to understand. Explain Fick’s Law in plain English. To do this, describe how each of the variables relates to the rate of diffusion (
R
). For example, you can say something like “When the pressure difference on two sides of a membrane is high, the rate of diffusion is also high.” Type your explanation in the box below:
2. (1 pt) Our lungs are not like big air-filled balloons inside our chests. Instead, they are packed with millions of alveoli, so lungs are more like big balloons filled with millions of tiny balloons. Which variable of Fick’s Law is maximized by having alveoli instead of big, balloon-like sacs? In one sentence, how does emphysema affect the diffusion of gases in and out of the lung, based on Fick’s Law?
Part II: Partial Pressure and Gas Exchange (LO 3)
Gas exchange in the lungs and in peripheral tissues depends on differences in partial pressure. For each
of the following, describe in one sentence
the gradient of partial pressure that drives gas exchange and the direction of gas movement under normal conditions at sea level. (0.5 pt each)
a. Exchange of O
2
in the lungs: b. Exchange of CO
2
in the lungs: c. Exchange of O
2
in peripheral tissue:
d. Exchange of CO
2
in peripheral tissue
Part III: Understanding oxyhemoglobin dissociation curves
(LO 5 & 6).
This graded assignment is subject to the Virginia Tech Honor Code. Sharing or posting any content
from this assignment, or using such shared or posted assignment content to answer assignment questions, is a violation of the Virginia Tech Honor Code.
2
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Related Questions
State the name of the structure where the actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes
place?
Explain how oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the respiratory system of humans.
Ref: A511903, 1.5
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Topic: Gas Exchange
Instruction: Find the correct answer to the problem from the given choices below.
1. This system of respiration take place in animals that live in moist environment.2. The system of respiration that uses dissolved oxygen.3. This system of respiration diffuses CO2 and oxygen.4. The most complex of all system of respiration in animal.5. This system of respiration is a straightforward way of respiration.
Choices:
a. Tracheal System b. Gills System c. Lenticels d. Skin System e. Lung System f. Stomata
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1.00
0.23
0.33
0.11
E+ = filter
E-= no filter
D+ = Giardia
D-= no Giardia
Patient Number
E+1
E+ 2
E+ 3
E+4
E-5
E-6
E-7
E-8
1
X
2
3
Day
X
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X
X
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Evidence of hypoxemia, hypercapnia, acidosis, and respiratory failure
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characterized by fatigue and shortness of breath as a result of the thinner air which contains less oxygen.
a. How does Andrew's fatigue and shortness of breath relate to the cellular respiration pathway?
be.
b. What would you expect to find if you test the level of lactic acid in Andrew's blood? Explain your answer.
.9
C. A couple weeks later, Andrew is feeling better but he noticed that his appetite has increased. Explain why this might be.
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39
GRADE10_LAS4 (1)...
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET
GRADE 10 - SCIENCE
Name:
Date:
Rating/Score:
ADAPTATION AND SURVIVAL
DIRECTIONS: This Learning Activity Sheet is about the adaptation and survival
organisms in a changing environment. Follow the instructions in each part and answ
the guide questions that follow.
PART A. My Bio-cabulary
Explain each of the given terminologies in your own words then answer the
question.
Terminologies
How will I Remember
Biodiversity
RICH
CY AS
Stability
Adaptation
NCR
Survivability
Think About It!
Based on the answers above, explain how species diversity increases the
probability of adaptation and survival of organisms.
Specific Week: 7 (LAS 4)
Target Competency: Explain how species diversity increases the probability of adaptation and survival of orga
changing environment (S10LT-IIlh-41)
(This is a Government Property
For Sale
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET
GRADE 10 - SCIENCE
PART B. Adaptation and Survival
SEXCEL
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Hand written plz
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2- Drive the losses equations.
3- What is the source of the resistance in the
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Ingestion
(food, drink)
Figure (2)
CO₂ other gases
Lungs
Circulatory systems
Kidney's
S
Heart
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DONT COPY FROM BRAINLY, GOOGLE OR OTHER WEBITES IF YOU ARE REAL EXPERT
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Related Questions
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- question: In a red blood cell entering the left atrium in a human, hyperventilation leads to a decrease in the amount of CO2 bound to hemoglobin but little or no increase in the amount of O2 bound to hemoglobin. answer should clearly state whether or not the statement is correct and then concisely explain why. the answer should be like more than three but less than 5 sentences and address all of the points in the statement. Here is an example: Both transmembrane carrier proteins and transmembrane channel proteins can mediate active transport of a hydrophilic solute through a cell plasma membrane. This statement is incorrect. Movement of a solute through a channel protein is always passive, whereas carrier-mediated transmembrane transport can be either passive or active. A transmembrane channel protein creates a pore through the membrane allowing for simple diffusion of a hydrophilic solute down a concentration gradient through the membrane. In contrast, transmembrane carrier…arrow_forwardTopic: Gas Exchange Instruction: Find the correct answer to the problem from the given choices below. 1. This system of respiration take place in animals that live in moist environment.2. The system of respiration that uses dissolved oxygen.3. This system of respiration diffuses CO2 and oxygen.4. The most complex of all system of respiration in animal.5. This system of respiration is a straightforward way of respiration. Choices: a. Tracheal System b. Gills System c. Lenticels d. Skin System e. Lung System f. Stomataarrow_forwardQuestion: Calculate the Rate Ratio of Giardia among hikers that filter water compare to hikers that don't filter water. 1.00 0.23 0.33 0.11 E+ = filter E-= no filter D+ = Giardia D-= no Giardia Patient Number E+1 E+ 2 E+ 3 E+4 E-5 E-6 E-7 E-8 1 X 2 3 Day X 4 X X 5arrow_forward
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- Question: Give at least 7 common causes of breathing and circulatory emergencies. In any of these causes, what are u going to do?arrow_forwardFig attached for your ref _________ can be used to measure lung volumes and capacities..arrow_forward2:26 PM O 10 O 39 GRADE10_LAS4 (1)... LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET GRADE 10 - SCIENCE Name: Date: Rating/Score: ADAPTATION AND SURVIVAL DIRECTIONS: This Learning Activity Sheet is about the adaptation and survival organisms in a changing environment. Follow the instructions in each part and answ the guide questions that follow. PART A. My Bio-cabulary Explain each of the given terminologies in your own words then answer the question. Terminologies How will I Remember Biodiversity RICH CY AS Stability Adaptation NCR Survivability Think About It! Based on the answers above, explain how species diversity increases the probability of adaptation and survival of organisms. Specific Week: 7 (LAS 4) Target Competency: Explain how species diversity increases the probability of adaptation and survival of orga changing environment (S10LT-IIlh-41) (This is a Government Property For Sale LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET GRADE 10 - SCIENCE PART B. Adaptation and Survival SEXCELarrow_forward
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ISBN:9781305389892
Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Cengage Learning