Week 4 Case Study Natural Killer Cell Deficiency
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Week 4 Case Study
Natural Killer Cell Deficiency
1.
Natural killer cells defend the body against infections and sick host cells. Their mission is
to target and destroy bacteria, infected viral cells, and even cancer cells. Because of their
distinct appearance, the presence of many lymphoid markers, and the fact that lymphoid
cells originate in the bone marrow from a comparable progenitor cell, NK cells have been
classified as lymphocytes (Vivier et, al, 2011)
2.
Natural Killer (NK) cells are highly effective in combating cells that have been infected
by viruses as well as cells that have the potential to form tumors.
3.
As soon as the NK cell spots a threat, it starts to release proteins called perforins. It's
amazing how these proteins can arrange themselves in a circle and make a hole in the
plasma membrane. The opposing cell will eventually die because this hole will make it
easier for salt and water to get in. Sometimes, the function of cells may be harmed, which
could lead to cell death. But the NK cell will also release granzymes, which are a unique
group of enzymes that break down proteins. This means that macrophages can eat germs,
dead cells, and other foreign substances. Furthermore, they have the power to alert the
immune system to the presence of a possible threat.
4.
It is vital to remember that NK cells play an important part in our body's natural immune
response to infections as well as cancer. As a result, it is understandable that the
immunologist informed her that she may be predisposed to developing cancers caused by
viruses. She has a decrease in the activity of her natural killer cells, which puts her at risk.
Natural killer cells serve an important part in protecting our health.
5.
Shanice should consult with her healthcare provider regarding her available options. She
can begin implementing prophylactic measures by initiating medication regimens that can
assist in managing conditions impacting the immune system. She can optimize her
immune system and response by eating a healthy diet.
Saladin, K. S. (2020). Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function (9th ed.).
McGraw-Hill Higher Education (US). https://online.vitalsource.com/books/9781260791563
Vivier, E., Raulet, D. H., Moretta, A., Caligiuri, M. A., Zitvogel, L., Lanier, L. L., Yokoyama, W.
M., & Ugolini, S. (2011). Innate or adaptive immunity? The example of natural killer
cells.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
,
331
(6013), 44–49. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1198687
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Related Questions
Please answer fast
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True or False
1. In phagocytosis, the digestion of phagocytes is always complete
2. The second line of defense is a specific immune response that responds against a specific type (species or strain) of pathogen.
3. Eosinophils can phagocytize and this is their usual mode of attack.
4. The body’s initial line of defense is made up of chemicals, and processes that work together to prevent pathogens from entering the body in the first place.
5. In general, beta and gamma interferons are present early in viral infections, whereas alpha interferon appears somewhat later in the course of infection.
6. The second line of defense is chiefly composed of external physical barriers to pathogens, especially the skin and mucous membranes.
7. The chemicals involved assist phagocytic cells either by directly attacking pathogens or by enhancing other features of specific resistance.
8. The combination of the barrier function of the dermis including its continual replacement and the presence of…
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Question 1 Nursing.
Innate lymphoid cells reside primarily in tissues such as the lungs, the lining of the gastrointestinal tract, and the skin, because these sites represent the major routes of entry of pathogens into the body.
Several different subsets of innate lymphoid cells exist, and each is specialized to respond to a category of pathogen (e.g., viruses, extracellular bacteria, helminthic parasites, etc).
a) True
b) False
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Qs 23
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Matching
22. For each of the following key choices, decide whether it applies to the lymph nodes, the spleen or the thymus,
and complete Table 6.1.
Key choices:
where T-lymphocytes mature
Bean shaped
Largest lymphatic organ
Site of multiplication of activated lymphocytes Oval in shape
Stores blood
Lies immediately below the diaphragm
At its maximum size at puberty
Filters lymph
Made up of two narrow lobes
Red blood cells destroyed here
Distributed throughout lymphatic system
Maximum weight usually 30-40 g
Lies immediately behind the sternum
Size from pinhead to almond-sized
Secretes the hormone thymosin
Synthesises red blood cells in the fetus
Phagocytoses cellular debris
Table 6.1 Characteristics of lymph nodes, spleen and thymus
Spleen
Thymus
Lymph node
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Match the following questions
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1 and 2
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4 point BONUS Name FOUR autoimmune disorders Credit will be given for the well-recognized
autoimmune disorders If you list a disorder for which the autoimmune status is questionable, you
may be asked to justify your choice before receiving credit
Paragraph
B I
...
Question 34 (2 points)
V Saved
Within a lymph node, where are macrophages found?
a) Germinal centers of a cortical nodule
b) Mantle zone of a cortical nodule
c) Medullary cords
O d) All of the above
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CAN YOU PLEASE EXPLAIN IT IN A EASY WAY??.
Describe the structure of viruses/ how they replicate. Include how the genome of the virus could affect replication.
Explain 5 key changes to bacterial structure/function that can occur in bacteria that allow them to become resistant to antibiotics.
Describe the processes involved in the induction of T-cell responses to
1) exogenous and 2) endogenous antigens.
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Please help
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Case Study Analysis
4.2 Explain natural/acquired immunity and active/passive immunity
4.3 Explain the basis of immunisation and evaluate its efficacy in a range of contexts
4.4 Explain essential differences between humoral and cellular responses as shown by B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes
For each of the scenarios below state whether the immunity gained is active or passive, and natural or acquired. Justify your answer and explain how immunity is gained in each scenario. Where relevant use data and image to support your explanation. Make sure your explanations meet all the above criteria (AC 4.2, 4.3, 4.4).
Case study 1: Julia has a new baby and has received the vaccination schedule from the GP which includes the MMR. Julia is nervous about giving her new infant the vaccination as it makes use of attenuated forms of the three viruses and asks the GP whether it is essential. Explain to Julia why the MMR is important and evaluate the effectiveness of the vaccine. with references
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Please help ASAP
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5:26 PM Fri Feb 17
T
74. A 30-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 2-week history of fever,
malaise, fatigue, and pain in the joints of both hands and in her knees; the pain is most
severe in the morning. Serologic studies show a positive rheumatoid factor. Which of the
following test results is most likely in this patient?
A) Decreased CD4+ T lymphocyte count
B) Increased serum Borrelia antibody titers
C) Increased serum C3 concentration
OD) Positive HLA-DR4 assay
E) Positive perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (P-ANCA) assay
Custorniz
51%
+ :
<
1
22
/
335
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Application: Innate immunity and adaptive immunity
from the following options: COVID-19, Hepatitis B virus, HPV, Measles virus, Cholera, Tetanus Clostridium tetani, or from other vaccine-preventable diseases.
1. What natural defenses do you have against this infection?
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i need the answer quickly
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B3
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Please asap first question
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Evaluate
I. Identification
1. It is the largest lymphatic organ and destroys worn-out RBCs.
2. They reabsorb fats in the intestines.
3. These are lymphocytes that have migrated to the thymus.
4. These are chemical mediators found in tears that directly kill some bacteria.
5. It is an overstated immune response to substances that are usually not
damaging.
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11:18
okmarks Window Help
B
Required information
Bio Ch. 27.-Google Docs
Antigen displayed on
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Macrophage binding
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this is the first one it says steps of adaptive immunity
and not all labels will be used
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Please help me ASAP
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RH BLOOD GROUP
1. Compare the degree of immunogenicity of the 5 major Rh antigens.2. Compare the number of D antigen sites expressed by the different Rh genotypes.3. Associate relationships between race and antigen expression.4. Compare the qualities and characteristics of Rh antigens and antibodies to ABO antigen and antibodies.
likes and ratings will be given <3
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MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE. In the following items, read each statement carefully. I. About 20 L of fluids pass from the blood capillaries into interstitial spaces, whereas half of it pass from the interstitial spaces back into the blood capillaries.II. The function of the lymphatic system is to bring back the lost fluids back to the bloodstream to maintain fluid balance in our body.
a. The first statement (I) is correct and the second statement (II) is wrong
b. The first statement (I) is wrong and the second statement (II) is correct
c. Both statements are correct
d. Both statements are wrong
MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE. In the following items, read each statement carefully. I. Environment refers to the state of being and most importantly to the source and essentials of life. That is anything that exists in the world.II. Nature are all the conditions, circumstances and influences surrounding and affecting the development of an organism. That is anything that…
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Application: Innate immunity and adaptive immunity
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1. What natural defenses do you have against this infection?
2. What role does your adaptive immunity play in helping and protecting you against it? Give a brief lab report.
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Answer number 18 only
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