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INTRODUCTION TO OCEANOGRAPHY
Spring 2022
11:628:120:02/01:460:120:01
Exercise 5- Seafloor Spreading
Date Distributed:
10 February 2022
Date Due:
11 February 2021 @ 6p; uploaded into Canvas class website
SmallGroupSet2#: 9
Names: Wiliam Kohler, Angela Poulos, Johnny Munoz, Elizabeth Gondek, Samantha
Afonso
New seafloor is continuously being created along oceanic ridges, where lithospheric plates
move apart. The rate at which the plates are moving is similar to the rate at which your hair
grows. Remember that to calculate a spreading rate we need two components: time and
distance. If we know the age of the crust and the distance from the ridge center, we can
calculate how fast the two plates are moving away from each other. Look at the figures of
oceanic ridges (spreading centers) illustrated below:
1)
Calculate the half-spreading rate across the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and East Pacific Rise.
Make sure you give the right units.
-
Half spreading rate is the rate at which each plate is moving away from the boundary
Mid atlantic ridge: 0.03 meters per year (apart) Single sided
East pacific rise: 0.06 meters per year
2)
What is the full spreading rate of the same ridges? This is the rate at which ocean basins
are opening.
-
The full spreading rate is the rate at which the plates are moving away from each other,
the full rate of spreading
Mid Atlantic Ridge: 0.06 meters per year
East Pacific Rise: 0.12 meters per year
The map below shows a portion of the North Atlantic Ocean, with the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
highlighted in the center. Dashed lines parallel to the ridge show the age of seafloor basalt in
millions of years (My), as derived from magnetic polarity reversal.
3)
Is the ocean expanding or contracting? What is the evidence?
The ocean looks like it is expanding because you can see the older layers are spread out near
the North American and African plate boundaries. This means that the floor is expanding
outwards towards the continents, away from the ridge. The older the seafloor, the further away it
would be from the ridge, where new seafloor is being formed. The ridge also signifies a
divergent plate boundary here which means spreading of the plates at this spreading center and
the expansion of the ocean through the creation of new crust at the spreading center
4)
Complete the table for the locations marked with a letter:
Location
Distance from Ridge
(km)
Age of Seafloor (My)
Rate of Movement
(km/Myr)
A
350
35 millions of years
10 km/Myr
B
800
84 millions of years
9.52 km/Myr
C
1400
118 millions of years
11.86 km/Myr
D
1900
156 millions of years
12.18 km/Myr
E
1700
156 millions of years
10.90 km/Myr
5)
At what rate is Africa moving away from or heading toward North America?
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Procedure:
1.
2.
3.
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Use the legend at the bottom to decipher and unscramble the code word.
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Cause
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an icebreaker ship cutting through sea ice
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a child falling off a tricycle
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1 point
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Procedure:
1.
2.
3.
Drag and drop the effect cards to the correct spot in the table.
Use the legend at the bottom to decipher and unscramble the code word.
Answer the questions on your answer sheet.
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Cause
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An increase in
biodiversity to the
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area to meet
consumer demands.
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Excessive fertilizer
runoff into rivers and
streams that flow
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An increase in algae
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water and creates
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Effect
Pollution from
sources such as
single-use plastics
enter the oceans on
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and possibly
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11
BIUA
川, 三ニ m 、 市▼E
+
I 1 I 2 I 3
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Necessary Life Functions Scenarios
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Beach
Intertidal
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Neritic zone
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Transition zone
Low-tide
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Deep zone
Continental
slope
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Explain:
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CONTENT
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221
Lancelet
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Lamprey
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Ray-finned
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the numbe
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Select one phylum
Africa
Har
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Vertebrae
Vertebral column
The role of mertebrates in a
Jaws
Use the following cladogram to answer the questions below.
Amniotic egg
Four walking legs
Rodent
à rabbts Crocodiles
Bony skeleton
Leopard
Hair
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8.4
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8.2-
금 8.1 -
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7.9
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Time (millions of years before the present)
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-25
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0
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