Chapter_23 Q & A Cancer & HIV

21. Which of the following can lead to cancer development? a. viruses b. mutation in cyclin production c. differentiated stem cells d. AIDS e. all of the above except c 22. Your patient is born without B cells. He cannot a. fight off intracellular infections b. have a Type IV hypersensitivity reaction c. fight off extracellular infections d. destroy microorganisms through alternate complement e. c & d 23. Extensive vomiting can lead to alkalosis due to -a. continued excretion of HCO3 b. accumulation of potassium c. emphysema d. a high protein diet e. increased renin production 24. Which of the following could lead to renal osteodystrophy? a. low levels of parathyroid hormone b. high levels of blood calcium c. injections of calcitrol d. increased physical activity e. a high protein diet 25. Which of the following can cause diarrhon?

4. Which of the following is currently being studied as an adjunct therapy for cancer? Select one: a. Plasma cells b. Immunoglobulins c. Eosinophils d. Histamines e. Cytokines   5. What portion of the immune system forms a membrane attack complex and produces holes in the surface of some bacteria? Select one: a. Eosinophils b. Interferons c. Dendritic cells d. Cytokines e. Complement proteins   6. Which type of T cell coordinates the immune response? Select one: a. Helper T cells b. Suppressor T cells c. Cytotoxic T cells d. Memory T cells e. IgT cells

23. Johnny was hospitalized in early August 2021 and diagnosed with Stage IV Lung Cancer even if he was a non-smoker). He went through 2 chemotherapy sessions, immunotherapy and radiotherapy but CT scans showed that the condition had gotten worse. Johnny was discharged from Sengkang General Hospital and was transferred to Assisi Hospice so he can receive palliative care for the remaining days of his life. What type of care was given to Johnny? A. Restorative Care B. End-of-life practice C. Long-Term Care D. Chronic Care 24. Progressive and long-term care facilities, therapeutic rehabilitation centers, and halfway houses provide which type of medical care? A. Restorative Care B. End-of-life practice C. Long-Term Care D. Chronic Care 25. What type of care is provided by Geriatric Day care centers and Nursing Homes? A. Restorative Care B. End-of-life practice C. Long-Term Care D. Tertiary Care

8. Immunotherapy is based on the theory that A. Patients with cancer will achieve a remission of the disease process B. Patients have a defect in their immune system C. Transferring lymphocytes from one tumor patient to another will kill tumor cells D. Drugs will retard cellular division and decrease the growth of tumors

1. Laverdia-CA1 (verdinexor tablets) is an oral drug for the treatment of canine ______. A. Osteosarcoma B. Mammary gland carcinoma C. Lymphoma D. Hemangiosarcoma   2. How is the drug Stelfonta (tigilanol tiglate) administered for treatment of canine mast cell tumors? A. Injection into the tumor B. Infusion C. Orally D. Transdermal   3. How many dogs were part of the CANDiD clinical validation study for the next-generation sequencing-based liquid biopsy test? A. 10 B. 100 C. 500 D. Over 1,000

2. Bill, 85 years old dx with terminal cancer wants to live but is worried about the quality of his life. His options are 1. Chemotherapy will extend his life for 2-3 years ($100,000/year). 2. New cancer Rx will extend his life for 5 years ($400,000/year)  3. He would sell everything but would only have enough money for 1 year of the new drug Chemo which would cost $300,000 for 3 years while New RX will cost $2 million. Which option should he choose and why?

2. The cytoplasm of these cells have large dark granules that contain heparin and histamine: 2. Neutrophils b, Eosinaphils ¢ Basophils d. Monocyzes

39. How can benign tumors cause clinical problems? A. There is potential for metastasis B. They contain specialized cells that generate adenocarcinomas C. They have a direct connection to the nervous system D. They release dangerously high levels of hormones that create E. physiologic imbalances in the body

1. One of the following sentences is NOT correct A. P53 is an example of tumour suppressor gene B. Wright's stain is sued to visualize a peripheral blood smear C. leukotrienes are derived from arachidonic acid by cyclooxygenase D. effective bacteriocidal enzymes are contained in lysosome of the neutrophils E. H&E stain is the most commonly used tissue stain for routine histological examination F. proteoglycans are located in the ECM but not in the ground substance of connective tissue 2. Which of the following sentences is NOI correct? A Microvilli increase the surface area of the epithelial cells B. Desmosomes are an effective barrier to the diffusion of substances across an epithelium C. Epithelial tissues are classified by the shape of the epithelial cells in the basal layer D. Release of lipid droplets from cells is a type of merocrine secretion E. Epithelial tissues are classified by the number of cell layers F. None of the above G. Both A and E H B. C and D 3. Which of the…

1. One of the following sentences is NOT correct A. P53 is an example of tumour suppressor gene B. Wright's stain is sued to visualize a peripheral blood smear C. leukotrienes are derived from arachidonic acid by cyclooxygenase D. effective bacteriocidal enzymes are contained in lysosome of the neutrophils E. H&E stain is the most commonly used tissue stain for routine histological examination F. proteoglycans are located in the ECM but not in the ground substance of connective tissue

3-Which of the following is TRUE about sickle cell disease (SCD)? Select all that apply. A. Sickle cell anemia (SCD) is an inherited disorder of the hemoglobin in blood. B. Sickle cell anemia requires the inheritance of two sickle cell genes. C. Sickle cell trait, which is the inheritance of one sickle gene, almost never causes problems. D. Virtually all of the major symptoms of sickle cell anemia are the direct result of the abnormally shaped sickled red blood cells obstructing the flow of blood. E. all that apply 4-In children diagnosed with sickle cell disease (SCD), tissue damage results from which of the following? A. Air hunger and respiratory alkalosis due to deoxygenated red blood cells. B. Hypersensitivity of the central nervous system (CNS) due to elevated serum bilirubin levels C. A general inflammatory response due to an autoimmune reaction from hypoxia D. Local tissue damage with ischemia and necrosis due to obstructed circulation

7. Hematopoiesis refers to I Multipotent haematopoietic stem cells are involved in this process II. the production of RBCS within the red marrow cavities of the spongy bones III the formation of blood cells within the yellow marrow in the međullary cavities of bones IV. the formation of all of the cellular components of blood within the red marrow cavities of the spongy bones А. I В. IV C. both I and II D. both I and III E. both I and IV F. All choices are correct

3. Serum proteins that increase in concentration within 24 to 48 hours of the onset of infection or injury are called: A. antibodies B. immunoglobulins. C. gamma globulins D. acute-phase proteins 4. Which of the following can be measured as an indicator of inflammation? A. Body temperature B. Number of circulating leukocytes C. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate 5. Acute-phase reactants are elevated in a patient's serum. What does this result, on its own, indicate about the patient? A. Inflammation of an unknown cause is present B. The patient has a leukemia but not a lymphoma. C. The patient has a bacterial infection. D. There is a parasiticfinfection and not a viral infection. 6. The phagosome of a macrophage is a membrane-bound vesicle that contains: A. enzymes A. reactive oxygen intermediates. B. ingested pathogens C. perforin and granzymes. 7. Macrophages recognize target cells using which of the following? A. MHC class I molecules B. Toll-like receptors

1.The cells of cancerous tumors undergo changes that cause them to bear little to no resemblance to their original cell type. Predict how this will affect the ability of thise cells to perform thier function. A. Increased growth in the thickness in the alveolar tissue of lungs can allow fir more oxygen and can be detrimental if too much gas exchange occurs. B. Increase in abnormal growth in compact bone tissue can cause bones to become stronger. C. Tumor in the bladder can lead to the disproportionate growth of the epithelial  tissue that allows the bladder to stretch; therefore, it will create a constant urgency to urinate. D. All choices are correct  (I think it's between A and C but not sure which one)

8. Antigens of the surface of red blood cells are also called Cells that respond to a hormone are called cells. and antibodies in the blood plasma are also called Select one: Select one: of O A. peripheral O A. agglutinins; agglutinogens O B. erythrogens; antibiotics O B. pluripotent O C. agglutinogens; agglutinins C. stem O D. T-cells; B-cells O D. target O E. serum; plasma O E. germ The external acoustic meatus ends at the In persons with untreated diabetes mellitus all of the following are true, except Select one: of Select one: O A. auditory ossicles. O A. intracellular and tissue levels of glucose is very high. O B. pinna. O B. excessive thirst is shown. O C. tympanic membrane. O C. a large excretion of urine occurs. D. blood glucose levels are very high. O D. cochlea. O E. glucose is present in the urine in large amounts. O E. vestibule.

1. Which of the following WBC originate from common myeloid procursor (CMP) lineage? A. T lymphocyte B. Neutrophil C. B lymphocyte D. all of the above 2. Which of the following WBC originate from common lymphoid precursor (CLP) lineage? A. Neutrophil B. Basophil C. Platelet D. T lymphocyte 3. Which of the foolwing cells releases heparin and histamin during inflammation? A. basophil B. mast cell C. eosinophil D. neutrophil 4. Which of the following cytokines is/are responsible for the pain of inflammation? A. histamine B. bradykinin C. prostaglandin D. A & B are true E. B & C are true

5 Which of the following labs will indicate inflammation? a. C-reactive protein b. albumin c glucose d. serum iron

A child is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of Wilms tumor, stage II. Which of the following statements most accurately describes this stage? A. The tumor is less than 3 cm. in size and requires no chemotherapy. B. The tumor did not extend beyond the kidney and was completely resected. C. The tumor extended beyond the kidney but was completely resected. D. The tumor has spread into the abdominal cavity and cannot be resected.

1.Describe the metabolic pathways utilized by the red cell.2. Discuss the destruction of the red cell by extravascular and intravascular processes.

give answer in detail...you can refer research paper to write answer

asap please ..

7. Discuss the medical and nursing management of Leukemia.

1. The number of white blood cells in the circulating blood is 4,300 to 10,800 per milliter and their main function is in: a. Participation in the immune response of the body b. Carrying oxygen to the cells of the body ¢.Blood dlotting d. Liver function

During removal of cancerous tissue in breast cancer, lymph nodes in the armpit are also removed (if found cancerous). As a result, a. cancer will reoccur at the original site b. Breast tissue will remain free of cancer, but remaining lymph nodes will become cancerous c. Lymph nodes will remain free of cancer, but remaining breast tissue will become cancerous d. There will recurrent infections in the associated arm e. There will recurrent infections in opposite arm