Makayla Derak-Lab 4 Assignment

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Student Name: Makayla Derak Date: 03/2/2023 TA Name: Tatiana Aguilar 4 In-Lab Assignment (20 points) Bold your answers. Save as PDF. Submit via Laulima by 11:55 pm on day after lab. This is the property of UH Manoa BIO 172L Spring 2023 course. It may not be shared between students, between semesters, or on online sites. Part I. Meristematic Tissues in Plants 1. Insert labeled images for the meristems located at the tips of the shoots and roots. Apical Meristems of the Root and Shoot (labeled) Figure 1. Corn Root Tip Zea (Zea mays L. ) on a l.s slide mount viewed under a compound microscope at 100x total magnification Figure 2.Coleus Stem Tip (Coleus scutellarioides) on a l.s slide mount viewed under a compound microscope at 100x total magnification Discussion (bold your answers) 2. In complete sentences of your own words, for Figure 1, describe each labeled structure, where it is located in the figure above, and what it’s function/purpose/what it will give rise to/develop into in the plant. The labelled pieces in figure 1 include, the ground meristem, protoderm, procambium, apical meristem, and the root cap. The root cap is found at the very top of this image and is responsible for the protection of the apical meristem as the organ grows. The apical meristem is located near the top of the root or shoot tip structure. It is responsible for cell increased length within the plant which allows added space and resources for growth. This occurs due to rapid cell division. This meristem also gives rise to other parts such as the protoderm, procambium, and ground meristem. The protoderm is located near the outside of the stem and is responsible for the rise of the epidermis ( the outermost layer of the stem) through the composition of a thin layer of meristemic cells.

The main responsibility of the ground meristem is the formation of the pith and cortex which have functions such as support, storage, and transportation of nutrients. The ground meristem is the meristem which gives rise to all other tissues besides those that are vascular or dermal tissues. It is located in the apical regions of the plant, in the shoot or root apex. The procambium is also a meristemic tissue. The procambium is responsible for maintaining cell populations. These cells make up the primary xylem and phloem. It is found in the center of this figure, sandwiched between the ground meristem. In complete sentences of your own words, for Figure 2, describe each labeled structure, where it is located in the figure above, and what it’s function/what it will give rise to/develop into in the plant. The labelled pieces in figure 2 include, the leaf primordial, the protoderm, the apical meristem, the ground meristem, the procambium, and the axillary bud. The apical meristem is located near the top, at the growing tips of the plant. It is responsible for triggering new growth within younger cells. This region is primary for growth as this is where the growth cells generate. It is responsible for the generation of above-ground parts in higher plants such as the stem, leaves, flowers, and fruits. In the figure above, we can see the leaf primordial off of the apical meristem. The apical meristem is responsible for a type of cellular outgrowth called leaf primordia which develop into young, immature leaves, also referred to as the leaf primordial. The protoderm is the outermost layer of the leaf primordium and top of the apical meristem as seen in figure 2. It gives rise to the epidermis, which surrounds the plant. The ground meristem is made up of parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma. It is the meristem which gives rise to all other tissues besides those that are vascular or dermal tissues. It can be found just inside the epidermis, extending to the interior of the plant. The procambium is a meristemic tissue which can be found near the protoderm, in between the xylem and phloem. In this figure it is seen as a pink line proceeding up into the leaf primordial. The procambium maintains the cell population and providing the primary tissues of the vascular system. Finally, The axillary bud is seen as a branch coming off of the plant, between the mature leaf and the stem. The axillary bud is important for the growth of new shoots. These can be both sterile or infertile branches. Part II. Permanent Tissues in Plants 4. Insert labeled images of dicot and monocot cross-sections, and a vascular bundle.

Figure 3. Typical Monocot Stem (Monocotyledons) on a cross-section slide mount viewed under a compound microscope at 100x total magnification Figure 4. Typical Dycot Stem (Dicotyledons) on a cross-section slide mount viewed under a compound microscope at 100x total magnification 5. Close-up of a vascular bundle. Figure 5. Typical Dycot Stem Vascular Bundle (Dicotyledons) on a cross-section slide mount viewed under a compound microscope at 400x total magnification Part III. Toluidine Staining in plant stem tissues 6. Insert stained and unstained images of a stem cross-section.

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