Week 11 PART B_ Ethical use of Animals in Research
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Week 11 PART B: Ethical use of Animals in Research
1
.
Who were the 5 veterinarians who in 1946 began discussing formalization of laboratory
animal care?
The 5 veterinarians who initiated discussions about the formalization of laboratory animal care in
1946 were:
-
Walter C. Alvarez
-
Jay D. Andrews
-
William C. Hueper
-
Victor Lindlahr
-
James S. Todd
2. What is the role of AAALAC?
The Association for evaluation and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care International, or
AAALAC, works to guarantee that animals used in research are treated ethically through a
variety of means, including accreditation, standard-setting, evaluation, education, and global
impact (
AAALAC Accreditation
, n.d.).
3. What is the role of AALAS?
The American Association for Laboratory Animal Science, or AALAS, certifies, educates, and
trains people in the area to provide ethical and compassionate care for laboratory animals
(
American Association for Laboratory Animal Science
, n.d.).
4. What is IACUC?
The Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, or IACUC, is responsible for monitoring
research animal care in institutions, checking that protocols are followed, making sure there is
compliance, and encouraging the welfare of animals used in scientific studies (
The IACUC |
OLAW
, n.d.).
5. Why are animal models ever used?
In biomedical research, an animal model—mice, rats, or zebrafish, for example—is used to
simulate human biological processes or disorders. Because these models' anatomy and
physiology
are similar, researchers can extend their findings to comprehend human physiology and disease.
Experiments with people that are unfeasible or unethical can be conducted using animal models
(Barré
‐
Sinoussi & Montagutelli, 2015)
6. The Three Rs: What are they?
In bioethics, the Three Rs guide the ethical use of animals in research (eBioMedicine, 2022).
They emphasize:
1.
Refinement to minimize suffering
2.
Reduction in the number of animals used
3.
Replacement with alternative methods to ensure responsible and humane practices.
7. What are the basic arguments for and against animal research and what is considered to
be the “middle ground”?
For Studies on Animals:
-
Science and medicine are advanced through scientific progress.
-
Human Health offers understanding of diseases and human biology.
-
Safety testing determines possible hazards prior to using humans in experiments.
-
Biological Similarities humans and animals have similar biological characteristics (Smith,
2001).
Opposition to Animal Research:
-
Ethical Concerns bring up moral questions pertaining to animal care.
-
Scientific Restrictions findings might not always be relevant to people.
-
Other Approaches as technology develops, more options become available.
-
Critics point to inherent cruelty as a source of criticism.
The Middle Ground:
Promotes the moral and appropriate use of animals in research, with special emphasis on
replacement, reduction, and refinement in order to strike a balance between the advancement of
science and moral concerns.
8. Who was Jules Cass, DVM?
Dr. Jules Cass was the president of AALAS from 1957 to 1958. He was also the 1961 founding
member of the AAALAC committee. He was responsible for the creation of the first formal
training and certification program for animal care staff.
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