Philip Grawzis INTL446 Midterm Assignment

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American Military University *

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Jan 9, 2024

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1 INTL446 Midterm Philip Grawzis September 16, 2023
2 Section 1: Available Drugs, DTOs, and Trafficking Methods The ability to conduct drug trafficking sends out a clear message of danger throughout the United States government and our society. While having the ability to use different routes, and methods drug trafficking organizations (DTOs) have the ability to pushout illegal drugs and substances all throughout our country in what we can obviously see as a business that produces a large profit. There are a lot of substances that can de discussed, but the focus point will be the 5 major illicit drugs and the organizations that stand to profit. Also discussed will be the routes used and how exactly these drugs are be trafficked. The first major drugs to be discussed is cocaine which is created from the coca leaves that comes from places like Columbia, Peru, Bolivia and they can quickly become very addictive. You see this drug pushed out a in white formed powder and takes its effects on the user’s brain while increasing their breathing speed. It also comes with a vast majority of side effects (DEA 2011, 45). Today we see the main distribution and control of this illegal drug coming from Colombian based organizations. We see these drugs move and sell their products to Mexican Transnational Criminal Organizations (TCOs) like the Los Zetas. In order to receive the product, TCOs must wait for it to be transported through routes in central America and eventually making their way to Mexico. As soon as the TCOs have possession of this substance they the use their various methods to transport their goods inside of the United States. The Mexican groups that transport the cocaine do so over the southwest border using various entry points (DEA 2015, 3). They have come up with very creative methods over the years to include smaller submarines, small lightweight aircraft which has made the governments jobs of seizing these drugs that much more difficult.
3 The next drug that is just as dangerous to go over is heroin. This drug is pulled from morphine which is a drug that comes from poppy plants and can be found in remote locations like Afghanistan, Thailand, and Burma. More recently this drug is being grown in Places like Mexico. This is a very addictive drug and can be very toxic to the user because of the amounts of chemicals used to create heroin. The National Drug Intelligence Center stated that the majority of heroin being produced in Mexico will make its way to the United States (DOJ 2011, 27). By using areas near the southwest border, the Mexican TCOs are able to move their heroin product in the same exact way they push their marijuana. The use of lightweight crafts, commercial vehicles, submarines, and tunnels are all ways they can accomplish their goal of brining heroin into our country. A rising concern is the fact the Mexican TCOs are changing their techniques and tactics to allow more US based production. The reason for their relocation is they feel they have a better advantage in the US and can hide their operation easier (DEA 2015, 4). If they can move into more suburban areas the Mexican TCOs can reduce the risk of having shipments seized by Law Enforcement Agencies and will allow pushing the product in bigger cities. The next drug which has been named as the most used drug in the United States is marijuana. Marijuana has been mass produced in multiple countries to include the United States and Mexico. The Mexican TCOs are the ones that we mainly see in charge of the production and movement of marijuana into our country from either side of the border. In order to enlarge their business, Mexican TCOs have created relationships with local gangs across the country that will smuggle and sell the drugs for them (National Gang 2011, 39). The methods used to move marijuana from the southern parts of Central America resemble the methods used to push heroin
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