Acid-Catalyzed Hydration of 1-Hexene

Draw a structural formula of an alkene or alkenes (if more than one) that undergo acid-catalyzed hydration and without rearrangement give 1-methylcyclohexanol as the major product. • You do not have to consider stereochemistry. • You do not have to explicitly draw H atoms. • If more than one structure fits the description, draw them all. • Draw one structure per sketcher. Add additional sketchers using the drop-down menu in the bottom right corner. Separate structures with + signs from the drop-down menu. ● VIL ? ChemDoodle Ⓡ Qt Sn [F

15. Please help me answer this organic chemistry question

a.) Alkene b.) Alkyne c.) Carboxylic acid  d.) ester  e.) ether

Briefly explain or give an introduction to this.   Structure Elucidation of Compounds using Several Spectroscopic Techniques. 1H and 13C NMR Spectroscopy IR Spectroscopy Mass Spectroscopy

Show a possible stepwise synthesis of 2, 3-dichloropentane starting with ethanol and propanol as the only sources of carbon atoms and any other inorganic reagents, solvents and laboratory equipment. Name the type of reaction that is occurring in each step of the synthesis.

Draw a structural formula of an alkene or alkenes (if more than one) that undergo acid-catalyzed hydration and without rearrangement give 2-methyl-2-butanol as the MAJOR product. You do not have to consider stereochemistry. You do not have to explicitly draw H atoms. If more than one structure fits the description, draw them all. Draw one structure per sketcher. Add additional sketchers using the drop-down menu in the bottom right corner. Separate structures with + signs from the drop-down menu.

Draw a structural formula of an alkene or alkenes (if more than one) that undergo acid-catalyzed hydration and without rearrangement give 1-methylcyclohexanol as the major product. You do not have to consider stereochemistry. • You do not have to explicitly draw H atoms. ● If more than one structure fits the description, draw them all. • Draw one structure per sketcher. Add additional sketchers using the drop-down menu in the bottom right corner. Separate structures with + signs from the drop-down menu. ● ● ✓ ? ChemDoodleⓇ n [ ]#

Predict the major organic product of 1,2‑dichloro‑3,5‑dinitrobenzene with sodium methoxide in methanol.

Keeping with the theme of autumn, one of Dr. Danahy’s favorite molecules is caffeic acid due to its presence in pumpkins. This structure serves as an antioxidant and is one of many found within pumpkins. Despite its name, it bears no resemblance to caffeine. Answer the following questions about caffeic acid. The carbonyl stretch for caffeic acid is unusually low for a carboxylic acid at 1646 cm-1. For reference, the carbonyl stretch for propanoic acid is 1716 cm-1. Explain why the carbonyl stretch occurs at a lower wavenumber for caffeic acid.

H Spectra D ZOO 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 10 20 Fpm 4000 3000 2000 1500 Wavenumbers, cm** 1000 500 10 -- 5 ppm q t Structure: IR: 13C NMR: • Number of types of C: Chemical shift(s) of signals: 'H NMR: Number of types of H: ⚫ Chemical shift(s) of signals: ⚫ Integrations: ⚫ Multiplicity of peaks:

In the workup of the grignard reaction of turning bromobenzene to benzoic acid, we start by mixing the grignard with HCl and diethyl ether. We discard the aqueous layer and wash the organic layer with water. Then, the organic layer is extracted with NaOH. Then, the extracts are heated to remove ether. Then, it is precipitated with HCl. Precipitate collected. Let it dry and finally, purified with toluene and hexanes. Please make a flowchart of the process of this workup indicating what products and byproducts are forming. And what compounds are in the aqueous layer and organic layer in the steps.

After the Williamson ether synthesis was performed, a student obtained 100 mg of crude product. To purify the product the student did a recrystallization: To begin the purification, the student took a 400 ml flask and dissolved a substance in 40 ml of hot water by creating a saturated solution, all of this was conducted on a hot plate. After this, they immediately put the flask in the fridge and waited for considerable crystal formation. During the last step, the student performed a vacuum filtration by carefully turning the vacuum on, putting a filter paper inside the Buchner funnel, and pouring the slurry. After the substance dried, the student weighed the final product, did a 'H NMR and IR experiment and analyzed the spectra. However, the final yield was much lower than was expected as well as analysis showed a lot of impurities. Please name 3 problems in the student's work-up (one on each step) and correct their mistakes.

What factors during the experiment caused the percent yield to be different than 100%? What impurities may be present in the final product (look at the spectroscopic data for evidence of this), and how does that effect the percent yield calculation? I got 64% for the percent yield.

Acyl transfer (nucleophilic substitution at carbonyl) reactions proceed in two stages via a "tetrahedral intermediate." Draw the tetrahedral intermediate as it is first formed in the following reaction. CI + H₂N • You do not have to consider stereochemistry. • Include all valence lone pairs in your answer. OH • Do not include counter-ions, e.g., Na+, I¯, in your answer. • In cases where there is more than one answer, just draw one.

please fill out the chart or part of it based on the compound

Write a reaction that could be carried out to synthesize 1-(4-methylphenyl)ethanol (reactants will be a combination of Grignard reagent and carbonyl compound).

Can you answer this question regarding this procedure: Discuss how bromobutane was made (the mechanism) and then how it was purified. Discuss success of the reaction in terms of yield and purity. Based on the mechanism, do you expect this to be a high yielding reaction? Why/why not? What could be changed (if anything) about the way the reaction was performed to increase the yield? Was the product isolated pure (discuss the IR)? Why was the product isolated the way that it was (what was the point of the different wash steps) and could it have been purified another way? Did the purification method cause significant loss of product (impacting the yield)? and if so, what could be done to prevent that in the future?

What functional group is present in the reactants (isobutanol, sulfuric acid, Dichloromethane, sodium carbonate) but not in the ester? What wave number range in the IR spectrum does the peak appear and what does it look like?

The ___________ functional group will have a sharp, dagger-like absorbance at 2220-2250 cm-1 on its IR spectrum (and an odd-numbered molecular mass (M+) on its mass spectrum).     alkyne     nitrile     aldehyde     alkene     carbolxylic acid

Acid-catalysed dehydration of 2,2-dimethylcyclohexanol yields, in part, isopropylidenecyclopentane. isopropylidenecyclopentane Draw structural formulas for the two carbocation intermediates in this reaction. • You do not have to consider stereochemistry. • Do not include counter-ions, e.g., Na*, 1, in your answer. • Draw one structure per sketcher. Add additional sketchers using the drop-down menu in the bottom right corner. • Separate structures using the → sign from the drop-down menu.

Some organic solvents do not work well in liquid-liquid aqueous extractions. Ethanol (HOCH2CH3) is a common inexpensive solvent, but is a poor solvent for extractions. In ten or fewer words, provide an explanation for why ethanol is a poor solvent selection for extraction. Hint: you may want to look up various properties of the molecule.

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