Lab1 Report

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Georgia Institute Of Technology *

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1310

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Chemistry

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Oct 30, 2023

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Precision, Accuracy, and Precipitation Reactions 19 January 2023 Tryston Schmitt CHEM 1310 Laboratory Section A28 Data and Results ☐ Table 1. Determination of the identity of an unknown solution of an ionic salt via precipitation reactions. Unknown letter: D Unknown + sodium sulfate Unknown + lead(II) nitrate Clear liquid, no precipitate White fluid formed, possible particulates Unknown + sodium hydroxide Unknown + sodium chloride Sky blue precipitate formed instantly Slightly blue liquid, no precipitate Unknown + barium nitrate Murky white fluid, seems to have precipitate Identity of unknown solute: CuSO4 / Carbon(II) Sulfate ☐ Table 2. Determination of precision and accuracy of laboratory glassware designed to deliver 10 mL of liquid. Instrument Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Mean St. dev. Serological pipet 10.214 10.183 10.181 10.193 0.019 Volumetric pipet 9.923 10.075 10.167 10.055 0.123 Graduated cylinder 9.58 9.729 9.57 9.626 0.089 Most accurate: Volumetric Pipet Most precise: Serological Pipet
☐ Figure 1. Temperature in degrees Celsius of 50mL water heated on a hot plate over time. Measurements taken by LabQuest probe. Discussion In part one of the lab, my lab partners and I determined that Carbon(II) Sulfate was the identity of the mystery solution that we chose at the beginning of the lab. We started by identifying the color of the liquid (blue) as a color very notable in solutions containing copper. As there weren ’ t any other ions on the list that were blue by nature, we concluded that copper must be part of the unknown solution. We then looked at the chemical formulas of the possible combinations of copper plus something else, mixed with each of the solutions that resulted in precipitates. (Copper ____) plus (Barium nitrate) resulted in (Copper nitrate) plus (Barium____), additionally, the Barium ____ needed to be insoluble. Doing the same for each equation told us that the missing piece of our mystery solution would form an insoluble ionic compound with barium and lead, while forming a soluble ionic compound with sodium. This led us to the conclusion that, among the choices of polyatomic ions listed, sulfate was the correct choice. Because barium sulfate and lead sulfate are both insoluble in water, and sodium sulfate is highly
soluble, we concluded that sulfate must be the second part of our unknown solution. Hence, Copper(II) sulfate is the mystery solution In part two of the first lab, we determined that not all glassware is equally precise or accurate. The most accurate piece of glassware was the volumetric pipet, the second most accurate was the serological pipet, and the least accurate was the graduated cylinder. This was determined due to the fact that the mean of the experimental trials of the volumetric pipet was the closest to the true value of water that was meant to be pipetted (10mL), the serological pipet was the second closest, and the graduated cylinder was the furthest away. The most precise piece of glassware was determined by looking at the standard deviation of the data from each piece of glassware, the lower the standard deviation, the more precise a tool was. The most precise piece was the serological pipet, the volumetric pipet was the second most precise piece, and the graduated cylinder was the least precise. In part three of the lab, my lab partners and I used a LabQuest probe to measure the temperature change of 0.05 L of water over time. To convert the recorded data into J/min, first I calculated how many grams 0.05 L of water is. Since the conversion is 1000g/1L, 0.05 L of water is 50 grams. Now, considering that the change in temperature of the probe across 10 minutes is 71.6 degrees Celsius, and the specific heat capacity of water is 4.184 J g – 1 ºC – 1 , I used the formula for a change in thermal energy (deltaE= mass*heat capacity*change in temperature) to find the change in Joules over the given time period; this change in thermal energy equated to 14,978.72 Joules. Now, dividing this value by the change in time (in minutes) gives the rate in Joules/minute that the water was heated; this value is 1497.872 J/min.
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