Lab 7 A Comparison of Two Chemical Reactions
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Lab 7: A Comparison of Two Chemical Reactions
Background
Acid-Base reactions are a type of chemical reaction that involve the transfer of a hydrogen ion, H+, from the acid
to the base. In this lab, two acid-base reactions will be performed. First, vinegar (acetic acid) will be added to
baking soda (sodium bicarbonate). Three trials will be executed for this reaction: one control, one that has an
increased temperature, and one that has an increased concentration. Second, citric acid and sodium bicarbonate
(both found in Alka-Seltzer tablets) will be added to water. Three trials will also be carried out for this reaction: one
control, one that has an increased temperature, and one that has an increased surface area.
Objectives
To define chemical reaction.
To identify simple acids and bases.
To observe different indicators of chemical changes.
Materials
13 grams baking soda (sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO
3
)
200 mL store bought vinegar (5% by mass acetic acid solution, HC
2
H
3
O
2
)
200 mL water
6 Alka-Seltzer tablets (reacting chemicals are citric acid (HC
6
H
7
O
7
) and sodium bicarbonate)
6 plastic sandwich bags
6 small rubber bands
2 weigh boats or disposable cups
mL measuring cup
electronic balance
plastic spoon
heat source
thermometer
permanent marker
stopwatch or cell phone timer
Procedure
1.
With a permanent marker, label six plastic sandwich bags as #1, 2, 3, 4, 5, & 6.
2.
Measure approximately 3.00 grams of baking soda and place it into the corner of bag #1 and tie it off with
a rubber band.
3.
Measure approximately 3.00 grams of baking soda and place it into the corner of bag #2 and tie it off with
a rubber band.
4.
Measure approximately 5.00 grams of baking soda and place it into the corner of bag #3 and tie it off with
a rubber band.
5.
Place two Alka-Seltzer tablets in the corner of bag #4 and tie it off with a rubber band.
6.
Place two Alka-Seltzer tablets in the corner of bag #5 and tie it off with a rubber band.
7.
Place two Alka-Seltzer tablets in the corner of bag #6 and tie it off with a rubber band.
Break the tablets
into small pieces
.
8.
Measure approximately 60.0 mL of vinegar and record its temperature using a thermometer.
Add the
vinegar to the other corner of bag #1.
9.
Remove excess air from the bag and securely zip it shut.
Use a stopwatch or cell phone timer to time the
chemical reaction.
Start the timer as soon as the rubber band is removed and the vinegar and baking
soda mix.
Shake the bag to ensure thorough mixing.
Touch the bag to feel if there is a temperature
change occurring.
Stop the timer when the reaction is complete.
Record the necessary data and
observations in the data table.
10.
Measure approximately 60.0 mL of vinegar and heat it on a hot plate until its temperature reaches
approximately 35-40
o
C.
Record its temperature and then add the warm vinegar to the other corner of bag
#2.
Complete the reaction using the procedure outlined in step #9.
11.
Measure approximately 60.0 mL of vinegar and record its temperature using a thermometer.
Add the
vinegar to the other corner of bag #3. Complete the reaction using the procedure outlined in step #9.
12.
Measure approximately 60.0 mL of water and record its temperature using a thermometer.
Add the water
to the other corner of bag #4. Complete the reaction using the procedure outlined in step #9.
13.
Measure approximately 60.0 mL of water and heat it on a hot plate until its temperature reaches
approximately 35-40
o
C.
Record its temperature and then add the warm water to the other corner of bag
#5. Complete the reaction using the procedure outlined in step #9.
14.
Measure approximately 60.0 mL of water and record its temperature using a thermometer.
Add the water
to the other corner of bag #6. Complete the reaction using the procedure outlined in step #9.
15.
Do not open or empty bags until you have made observations and comparisons of all of them.
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