Lab Report 1

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Apr 3, 2024

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Lab 1 Worksheet Scientific Model and Measurements Name: Natalie Ruiz Section: 13418 There are four sections to this investigation. The only item from the lab kit needed for this investigation is a cm ruler, although you can use any cm ruler you have on hand. It is expected that you have placed your order for the lab kit before the end of Week 1. Section 1: Definitions and Differentiation Read: OpenStax College Physics 1.1 , “Models, Theories, and Laws; the Role of Experimentation” section. In multiple sentences or a short paragraph, address the following prompts with enough detail to convey your understanding of these ideas in a scientific context. A. Discuss the meaning of a Scientific Model. What forms can a Scientific Model take? A scientific model is a representation of a real scientific phenomenon. The types of representations can be physical, mathematical, or conceptual. Physical examples can include cell models or models of chemical compounds. Mathematical examples can include Newton’s laws of motion, Maxwell’s equations and Schrodinger’s wave equations. Conceptual examples can include the Bohr model, DNA double helix model, and the model of the solar system. B. Discuss the meaning of a Scientific Theory. Differentiate between a Scientific Theory and a Hypothesis. A scientific theory is an explanation of an aspect of the world that is backed up by evidence. Scientific theories have been tested using the scientific method and underwent necessary steps to become a theory. A scientific theory is tested and proven while a hypothesis is an educated guess not supported by evidence. C. Discuss the meaning of a Scientific Law. Differentiate between a Scientific Law and a Scientific Theory. A scientific law is a principle that is scientifically proven with evidence. The difference between a scientific law and theory is that a

scientific law is a proven principle, while a scientific theory is only a hypothesis, which has no supported evidence. Section 2: Modeling Constant Velocity Read: OpenStax College Physics 2.3 , “Time,” “Velocity”, and “Speed” sections. A. Consider the following situation: An object moves forward at a constant rate of 4 meters for each second. At time zero this object begins at 8 meters behind the origin, also known as – 8 meters from zero. Complete the provided data table of position and time that is consistent with this object’s motion from zero to ten seconds. B. From the data developed above, create a graphical model of this motion. You will need to create a graph using Excel or Google Sheets. The following graph requirements will be used throughout this course: a. The graph will be a Scatter Plot, also known as an XY Scatter b. There will be an applicable and appropriate title for the graph c. Each axis will be labeled with proper variables and corresponding units d. A best-fit line or curve will be applied as suggested by the data e. A corresponding or matching equation will be clearly representative of the provided best-fit. C. Paste the graph below: t (s) x (m) 0 -8 1 -4 2 0 3 4 4 8 5 12 6 16 7 20 8 24 9 28 10 32

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 f(x) = 4 x − 8 Distance v Time D. Explain how this graphical model can be used to determine the velocity and the starting position of the object. The velocity is determined by using the equation: v = displacement/time. In our experiment, our units are meters and seconds, therefore our equation will be v = meters/second. Example: v = 8m / 4s = 2 m/s E. Was the motion of the object maintaining a constant velocity or changing velocity? What evidence from the graphical model informs this type of velocity? The motion of the object is maintaining constant velocity. The graphical model that we have shown is going in a straight line and continues in the same direction at a precise increase. F. Create an Algebraic Model by restating the equation from the graph so that you replace the Y and X with the actual variables being graphed. Apply the appropriate units to the values within the equation.

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