CH 3 Summary

What is the meaning of feedback loop within the context of climate change? Describe how global warming is a positive feedback loop and the participation of greenhouse gases in that loop

Anna was asked to identify and explain if the equation CO2 (g) → CO2 (I) was an endothermic or exothermic reaction. However she got it wrong. What is her error and what should the answer have been? Anna's statement: The equation is an endothermic reaction because the energy is released from gaseous CO2 to the surroundings to become liquidCO2 causing the molecules to speed up. Format В I U B ... >

Anna was asked to identify and explain if the equation CO2 (g) → CO2 (I) was an endothermic or exothermic reaction. However she got it wrong. What is her error and what should the answer have been? Anna's statement: The equation is an endothermic reaction because the energy is released from gaseous CO2 to the surroundings to become liquidCO, causing the molecules to speed up.

4. Photochemical smog is a type of air pollution in the troposphere of our planet produced when sunlight acts upon motor vehicle exhaust gases to form harmful substances such as ozone (O3). For example, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) reacts with atmospheric oxygen (O2) in the presence of light to produce ozone (O3) and nitrogen monoxide (NO).

The U.S. proven natural gas reserves in 2013 were 323 trillion  ft3 . How long will these reserves last if there are no imports or exports and if the U.S. annual rate of use of 24.5 trillion  ft3  continues?

The previous answer I was given was incorrect. Please be sure of your information. Read the question thoroughly and explain. Thank you.

Which of the following best describes the formation of coal and natural gas? A Coal and natural gas form from decaying marine organisms. The material is buried deep under the surface of Earth and exposed to extreme heat and pressure over millions of years. Natural gas forms from decaying plant material, and coal forms from decaying marine organisms. The material is buried deep under the surface of Earth and exposed to ex- treme heat and pressure over millions of years. Coal and natural gas form from decaying plant material. The material is buried deep un- der the surface of Earth and exposed to extreme heat and pressure over millions of years. Coal forms from decaying plant material, and natural gas forms from decaying marine organisms. The material is buried deep under the surface of Earth and exposed to ex- treme heat and pressure over millions of years.

10) Hydrocarbons are organic compounds consisting of hydrogen and carbon only. Burning hydrocarbons in the presence of oxygen, O2, produces carbon She oxide, CO₂, and water, H₂O. Methane, CH4, is a hydrocarbon used primarily as fuel to make heat and light. The overall reaction of a number of such steps of methane gas is: CH4(g) + O2(g) + NO(g) → CO2(g) + H2O(g) + NO2(g) + OH(g) Suppose that 3.92 L of methane at STP, 10.8 L of oxygen at STP, and 8.3 L of nitrogen monoxide at STP were combined in a 7.0 L flask. The reaction is allowed the stand for several weeks at 275 K. If the reaction reaches 79.5% of completion, what is the total pressure in the flask? What is the partial pressure of CH4(g) and H2O(g) in the flask?

It measures the amount of water used to produce the goods and to provide services. Water quality index pH level Water footprint Carbon footprint

What is the role of environmental chemistry in the development of sustainable technologies?

Loss of atmospheric ozone has led to an ozone “hole” overAntarctica. The process occurs in part by three consecutive reac-tions: (1) Chlorine atoms react with ozone (O₃) to form chlorinemonoxide and molecular oxygen. (2) Chlorine monoxide forms ClOOCl. (3) ClOOCl absorbs sunlight and breaks into chlorine atoms andmolecular oxygen.(a) Write a balanced equation for each step.(b) Write an overall balanced equation for the sequence.

The reaction between nitrogen and oxygen is given below: N2(g) + O2(g) → 2 NO(g) We therefore know that which of the following reactions can also occur? | 2 NO2(g) → 2 NO(g) + O2(g) 2 NO(g) → N2(g) + O2(g) 2 NO(g) + O2(g)→ 2 NO2(g) O None of the Above

A reaction at 8.0 °C evolves 420. mmol of carbon dioxide gas. Calculate the volume of carbon dioxide gas that is collected. You can assume the pressure in the room is exactly 1 atm. Be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits. volume: || x10

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4a Assume that worldwide combustion of fossil fuel accounts for an energy use of 500 x 1015 kJ/year. Also, assume that all fossil fuels can be represented by the formula C3H5 with energy content of 32,500 kJ/kg.Finally, assume that air is 79% N2 and 21% O2 , and has a molecular weight of 29 kg/kmol. i. Estimate the annual release of CO2 to the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels, in kg/yr ii. If all that CO2 entered the atmosphere (and none was removed), estimate the increase in atmospheric concentration, in ppm by volume. Assume the atmosphere contains 6.7 x 1018 kg of air.

Calculate the mass of the greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide (CO2) that you release into the atmosphere with each tank of petrol you consume in your car. assume the petrol you put into your car is pure octance (c8H18). The density of octance is 702 kg/m^3 (or 0.702g/ml). Assume a tank of gas is 60 litres

The molar heat capacity of a diatomic molecule is 29.1 J/K · mol. Assuming the atmosphere contains only nitrogen gas and there is no heat loss, calculate the total heat intake (in kJ) if the atmosphere warms up by 3.0°C during the next 50 years. Given that there are 2.8 x 10²20 moles of diatomic molecule present, how many kilograms of ice (at the North and South Poles) will this quantity of heat melt at 0° C? (The molar heat of fusion of ice is 6.01 kJ/mol.) Total heat intake: × 10 kJ Ice melted: × 10 |kg (Enter your answer in scientific notation.)

A large sport utility vehicle has a mass of 2500 kg.Calculate the mass of CO2 emitted into the atmosphere upon accelerating the SUV from 0.0 mph to 65.0 mph. Assume that the required energy comes from the combustion of octane (C8H18) with 30% efficiency. (Hint: Use KE = ½ mv2 to calculate the kinetic energy required for the acceleration and pay attention to units).

It is known that carbon dioxide (CO2) emission is responsible for at least 50% of greenhouseemissions. Do we need to be concerned about GWP of CO2 when using it as a refrigerant?What is the ODP of CO2?

Pentaerythritol tetranitrate (abbreviated PETN, chemical formula C₂H₂N₂O₁₂2) is an explosive material with a structure that is very similar to nitroglycerin. It is one of the components of plastic explosives such as Semtex. The explosion of PETN can be represented by: C5H8N4O12 (s) → 2 CO(g) + 4 H₂O(g) + 3 CO2(g) + 2 N₂(g) A plastic explosive charge is formed into a cylinder about 30 cm long and about 2 cm in diameter. It weighs about 221 grams and is 58.5% PETN by mass. What is the total number of moles of gas produced when this plastic explosive charge explodes? mol gas

The heating of CuSO4. 5H2O(S) yields several transitions as a function of temperature. The table below gives the percentage of original mass lost as a function of the approximate temperature. Use these percentages to determine the sequence of decompositions and write chemical equations for each transition. percentage of original mass lost 14.5 29.0 36.0 51.5 67.0 70.5 approximate temperature (Degree C) 100 130 220 800 910 1020

We know that the main contributor to greenhouse effect is water vapor, followed by carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and ozone (O3). Added to this list are human-made chlorine- and fluorine-containing solvents and refrigerants whose emissions to the atmosphere are regulated through different global initiatives and laws. Give at least 5 simple ways which you can do at home or even during this pandemic which can help reduce the amount of pollutants in the atmosphere and thus may reduce global warming. Limit your answer up to 5 sentences only.

The extraction of aluminum metal from the aluminum hydroxide found in bauxite by the Hall-Héroult process is one of the most remarkable success stories of 19th century chemistry, turning aluminum from a rare and precious metal into the cheap commodity it is today. In the first step, aluminum hydroxide reacts to form alumina Al2O3  and water:   2Al(OH)3(s) + Al2O3(s) ->  3H2O(g) In the second step, alumina Al2O3  and carbon react to form aluminum and carbon dioxide:   2Al2O3(s) +  3C(s) + 4Al(s) ->  3CO2(g) Suppose the yield of the first step is 74.%  and the yield of the second step is  76.% . Calculate the mass of aluminum hydroxide required to make  4.0kg  of aluminum.   Be sure your answer has a unit symbol, if needed, and is rounded to the correct number of significant digits.

It is often said that water vapour amplifies the Earth’s greenhouse effect. Indicate one way that an increased atmospheric concentration water vapour can increase the greenhouse effect and one way that it can decrease the greenhouse effect.