1405 household acids and bases

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Fayetteville State University *

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1405

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Chemistry

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Jan 9, 2024

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docx

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CHEM 1405: Acids and Bases Objectives: In this activity, you will  investigate the pH of common solutions found around the house or in your body, and labeling each as acidic or basic  investigate how concentration affects the pH of these substances  Become familiar with acid-base vocabulary and measurements  Classify household items as acids or bases using pH indicators B ackground: Recall: The acidity of a solution can be expressed using the pH scale. Acidic solutions have pH values less than 7, basic solutions have pH values greater than 7, and neutral solutions have a pH value equal to 7. pH= -log [H = ] This equation tells us that pH is a measurement of the concentration of proton ions (H + ) in solution. Because this is a negative logarithm function, it means that the lower the pH, the higher the concentration of H + , the stronger the acid. Conversely, a high pH will correspond to a stronger base (and will have higher [OH - ]). In Part I of this experiment, you will test the pH of common household acids/bases using pH strips. In Part II , make your own acid-base indicator from either red cabbage leaves or red onion, and using it to test a variety of household acids and bases. In Part III of this experiment, you will explore the pH of a variety of common substances using a PhET simulation. Safety/Disposal: Always wear proper protective equipment (like your safety glasses). Take care with strong acids and bases: wash with running water in case of contact with skin. Indicators are strongly colored and may stain. Take appropriate care when heating water to make your indicator solution. For disposal, used pH paper and vegetable waste may go in a garbage can. All liquids can be poured down the drain with running water. Supplies: Part I: pH  5 household acids or bases: approximately 2 Tablespoons (30 mL) of any of the following: o Hand or dish soap o Milk o Lemon juice o Apple juice

o Baking soda (dissolve 1 small spoonful in water) o Ammonia o Vinegar o Clear soda or sparkling water Part II: Indicator  1-2 large cabbage leaves  Tap water  Small pot/saucepan and stove OR large microwave-safe dish and microwave  Your 5 samples from Part I Part III: computer-based Procedure: Part I: pH strips 1. Obtain your 5 household acids or bases (from the list in the supplies… if you have other ideas, please check with your instructor!), and 5 pH strips 2. Measure approximately the same amount of your acid or base solution into 5 separate containers (no more than 30 mL is required…10 mL is enough) 3. Test the pH of each by quickly dipping the pH strip into the liquid. Compare the color of the pH strip to the color-key to determine the pH. Classify each as an acid, base or neutral, and record all observations in the table below. Substance: pH strip color: pH Acid, base or neutral? Lemon Juice Pink 2 Acid Water Purple 7 Neutral Apple juice Yellow 8 Base Ammonia Blue 9 Base Vinegar Red 3 Acid 4. Take a picture of your labeled pH strips and insert a picture below.

Part II: Household Indicator: See How to Make Red Cabbage pH Indicator for more information. The instructions are also listed below: 1. To make the indicator, tear (or chop) 1-2 large red cabbage leaves into pieces. 2. Place leaves in heat-safe container (either small pot for stove, or microwave safe container), and add water. The volume of the water does not mater, but you should make at least 250 mL (add enough water to at least submerge all leaf pieces). 3. Heat your water to a boil. Heat your cabbage-water for approximately 10-15 minutes, until the water is a deep purple color. 4. Let the solution cool. 5. Strain out the cabbage leaves-these can be disposed of in your garbage can. 6. Insert a picture of your indicator solution, and insert below:

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