Assignment 3

Explain the concept of "model-based testing" and its role in generating test cases from system models.

Design and implement a system that permits recording of course performance information—specifically, the marks given to each student in each assignment or exam of a course, and computation of a (weighted) sum of marks to get the total course marks. The number of assignments/exams should not be predefined; that is, more assignments/exams can be added at any time. The system should also support grading, permitting cutoffs to be specified for variousgrades.

Write a report on VDL that must include: 1. Applications of VDL 2. Areas which have benefited most from their use  3. Problems in VDL 4. Complete example that show implementation of V 5. Any other information related to V

Please give me only correct explanation.

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Describe the idea of unit-by-unit testing.

a) Design a small Expert System for the Analysis of Traffic Accident You should design set of rules, and draw the ‘AND/OR graph’ for this small expert system.  b) Apply goal driven method to diagnose what caused the Traffic Accident? You must show the status of ‘Working Memory’ and ‘Production Rules’.  c) Apply data driven method to lead to a conclusion for Traffic Accident problem. Again, you must show the status of ‘Working Memory’ and ‘Production Rules’. Show the search graph as described by the Working Memory.

Making Elevators Go Faster!This story has been reported in numerous places and has almost become a classic example to explain the need for problem identification. Ackoff (as cited in Larson , 1987) described the problem of managing complaints about slow elevators in a tall hotel tower.After trying many solutions for reducing the complaint: staggering elevators to go to different floors, adding operators, and so on, the management determined that the real problem was not about the actual waiting time but rather the perceived waiting time. So the solution was to install full-length mirrors on elevator doors on each floor. As Hesse and Woolsey (1975) put it, "the women would look at themselves in the mirrors and make adjustments, while the men would look at the women, and before they knew it, the elevator was there ." By reducing the perceived waiting time, the problem went away. Baker and Cameron 0996) give several other examples of distractions, including lighting,…

Explain why determining the correctness of a programme based on a formal specification isn't always the most cost-effective approach to verify it, and how model checking may be.

Explain the term non-functional testing.

Select at least three metrics from each of the following three categories: "hard science", "soft science" and "engineering". a) Design a GQM can be used (probably retroactively) to derive these metrics. b) Determine the measurement scale (ratio, interval, etc.) for each, and briefly justify yourself. c) Discuss if the above metrics might be applicable, possibly after some modification/adaptation, to software or software systems.

The “Scrum Model” is a model that represents one method as to how software can be developed. Scrum has its roots in a 1986 paper by Hirotaka Takeuchi and Ikujiro Nonaka. The Best One depends on Goals, type of work it supposed to do Scrum: The “Scrum Model” is a model that represents one method as to how software can be developed. Scrum has its roots in a 1986 paper by Hirotaka Takeuchi and Ikujiro Nonaka. Details Scrum Divide the project into little parts. Develop each part in 2-4 weeks. During those 2-4 weeks have a meeting every day? Use visual aids to motivate the development process. Scrum focuses on developing the product in a series of fixed-length iterations called sprints (usually 2-4 weeks). This give teams a framework for shipping software on a regular rhythm. Milestones –e., the end of a sprint – come frequently; bringing with them a feeling of tangible progress with each cycle that focuses and energizes everyone. Scrum calls for four ceremonies that bring structure…

Q2) a) What are the main approaches for identifying test cases? Briefly discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. b) How boundary value analysis can be applied to Boolean values? c) What are the main limitations of boundary value testing?

Event-Driven Approach  Write a program (in any programming language) to simulate Event-driven approach. inputs: Arrival Times, and Departure times for entities. OR TBAI and STi for entities   Output: Time Calculations, System Status, Instructions executed in each iteration needed statistics

Answer with explation

What exactly does the term "interdependence" signify in connection to system ideas, and how does it differ from other formulations in this regard? [Clarification needed]

(c) What advantages are there to using static testing methods, in addition to dynamic testing? Illustrate your answer by referencing aspects of the NASA Mars Orbiter failure in 1998.

Develop a process for evaluating the risk of software dependencies.

If the aforementioned procedures are terminated as a result of reaching a cessation point, the subsequent outcomes will manifest.

Question 4 It has been established that road accident is the number one killer in Ghana far exceeding that of HIV aids and COVID-19 put together. Most of the roads accidents are known to have been caused by driver negligence. There is currently no system in place to track offenses committed by drivers. Charles Saah of AiTSystem a software company advised that a system should be put in place to track the number of offenses committed by drivers. The system should be able to count the number of offenses committed by each driver and make the following recommendations. A. If a minor offense is committed by a driver, a fine of GHs 50 should be charged and the driver cautioned. A second minor offense by the same driver should attract a fine of GHs 150 and the bared from driving for two weeks. If the same driver commits more than two minor offenses, the driver’s license should be confiscated and directed to go for retraining as a driver.                     B. However, if a major offense is…

Write any three conditions for a failure to be observed.

While mingling with neighbours at a party, Ato mentions that he is responsible for evaluating bids for a large computer software contract. A few days later, Ato receives a lunch invitation from one of his neighbours who also attended the party. Over appetizers, the conversation turns to the contract Ato is managing. Ato’s neighbour seems remarkably well informed about the bidding process and likely bidders. Ato volunteers information about the potential value of the contract and briefly outlines the criteria his firm will use to select the winner. At the end of the lunch, Ato’s neighbour surprises him by revealing that he is a consultant for several companies in the computer software market. Later that day, Ato’s mind is racing. Did Ato reveal information that could provide a supplier with a competitive advantage in the bidding process? What are the potential business risks and ethical issues in this situation? Should Ato report the conversation to someone? If so, whom should he talk…

Use python Machine learning to answer the following questions. 1. What are training, validation, and testing data for? Why did we use validation data to find the best alpha? Can we use test data to find the best alpha? 2. What is the difference between KFold and train_test_split? What is the advantages and disadvanteges of k-fold cross validation?

Explain how the preparation of an inspection and manual testing is done in the SDLC paradigm.