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CEN5035 - Handout 7
Science
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Computer Science
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Software Engineering
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Terms in this set (14)
Which one of the following best reflects the point
Sommerville makes in connection with how
"contractual responsibility" can affect
maintenance costs? (Circle ONE only.)
- If the maintenance contract is given to a company other than the original
system developer, there may be little or no incentive for a development team to
write the software so that it is easy to change.
State Lehman's "Law of Large Program Evolution"
and its practical implication in terms of system
attributes.
- Program evolution is a self-regulating process. System attributes such as size,
time between releases, and the number of reported errors is approximately
invariant for each system release.
State Lehman's "Law of Continuing Change."
- A program that is used in a real-world environment must necessarily change,
or else become progressively less useful in that environment.
State Lehman's "Law of Increasing Complexity."
As an evolving program changes, its structure tends to become more complex
(2 pts.). Extra resources must be devoted to preserving and simplifying the
structure (1 pt.).
Rajlich and Bennett (2000) identify four general
software life-cycle phases: initial development,
phase-out, servicing, and evolution. Briefly
explain the differences between servicing and
evolution in terms of the nature of changes
systems may be subject to in each.
- Servicing: The system remains useful, but the only changes made are those
required to keep it operational (i.e., bug fixes and changes to reflect changes in
the software's environment). No new functionality is added. - Evolution: The system is in operational use and is evolving as new
requirements are proposed and implemented.
Briefly explain WHAT "regression testing" is.
- Regression testing is the RE-RUNNING of one or more test cases after some
program change that ran without revealing faults prior to the change.
Briefly explain the PURPOSE of "regression
testing."
- The purpose of regression testing is to determine if the change has "broken
code" that worked correctly BEFORE the change.
What are the two basic test implementation/run-
time tool capabilities that are required to
automate regression testing?
(1) Keystroke Recorder and/or Test Script Playback Tool used to script, record
and play-back keystrokes, pointer movement, and mouse clicks (2) Data / Output Comparators used to automatically compare program output
or data files for discrepancies
CEN5035 - Handout 7
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Sommerville notes that one of the factors that
should be considered in assessing legacy systems
for the purpose of deciding on the most
appropriate strategy for evolving these systems is
source code understandability. A strategy
mentioned in class for improving such
understandability is the use of "mnemonic"
variable names. Briefly explain what these are and
provide a simple, concrete example that
illustrates the idea.
- Mnemonic variable names are specifically chosen to reflect the developer's
intent regarding what data will be stored in each variable. For example variable
names such as "hours", "rate", and "pay" are mnemonic, in contrast to "X1", "X2",
and "X3".
Briefly describe (i) what is meant by "data
clumping" AND (ii) the possible remedy they
identify for this situation.
- Data clumps occur when the same group of data items reoccur in several
places in a program. These can often be replaced with an object encapsulating
all of the data (in one place).
Briefly describe (i) what is meant by "speculative
generality" AND (ii) provide a simple example that
illustrates the idea.
- This occurs when developers include generality in a program in case it is
required in the future. For example, a data structure might include additional
fields for data that could be useful for some later extension.
The "Emergency Repair Process" described by
Sommerville for handling urgent change requests
is as follows: Change Reqs. -> Analyze source code -> Modify
source code -> Deliver modified system What nominal software evolution process
activities does this process exclude when dealing
with fault repairs?
- Release planning, (related) requirements analysis, requirements updating.
What point does Sommerville make with the
figure below concerning how one should think
about the relationship between initial software
development and software evolution? (Picture of
Boehms' spiral model)
- One should think of software engineering as a spiral process with
requirements, design, implementation, and testing going on throughout the
lifetime of the system. Post-delivery "evolution" really just represents additional
iterations of the initial development process.
CEN5035 - Handout 7
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