Discussion Board - Week 1 - ML

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Oct 30, 2023

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Our world is now encompassed in an ever-evolving technological boom of artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence, or AI, is defined as the “creation of computer systems capable of performing tasks that historically only a human could do, such as reasoning, making decisions, or solving problems” (Coursera, 2023). Today that term has evolved to include a wider range of technologies that power and assist the services we utilize today. This can be automated systems to chatbots that provide online customer support. It is simply an umbrella term that encompasses several links of technologies that include machine learning, deep learning, and natural language processing (NPL) (Coursera, 2023). The three systems that I would like to highlight are The Logic Theorist program, AlphaGO, and ChatGPT. To begin, let’s discuss the three. The Logic Theorist program was “a program designed to mimic the problem-solving skills of a human and was funded by Research and Development (RAND) Corporation” (Harvard & Anyoha, 2017). To many, it has been coined as the first artificial intelligence program and was presented at the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence (DSRPAI), which was hosted by John McCarthy and Marvin Minsky in 1956 (Harvard & Anyoha, 2017). It was, however, developed by Allen Newell and Herbert Simon. This system was used to prove mathematical theorems and demonstrated the potential of AI for solving complex problems. The next system we have is AlphaGo created in 2016. In all its glory, this creation is the brainchild of Google’s DeepMind, and has redefined the boundaries of AI in complex games. The board game Go has been “viewed as one of the most challenging tasks for artificial intelligence due to it being complex, pattern-based and hard to program” (Xu, 2019). Its mastery of the ancient game led to the defeat of the world champion Lee Sedol, which further exemplified the power of AI to conquer intricate strategic challenges. These systems blend of neural networks and reinforced learning has paved the way for AI advancements in various domains and structures. Lastly, our renowned ChatGPT, specifically GPT-3 established in 2020, is a “large language model developed by OpenAI, which has transformed human-computer interaction with its ability to engage in natural, nuanced conversations. This has further opened the door for applications ranging from customer service to virtual assistants” (Coursera, 2023). Its fluency and adaptability have set new benchmarks for AI-powered communication and assistance. Its usage is relatively unlimited but comes with many drawbacks that I shall highlight next. Each of these AI systems have their strengths and weaknesses, much like we do as humans. For our oldest system, The Logic Theorist, it is limited to mathematical theorems, requires extensive knowledge of the problem domain, and can be slow and inefficient compared to our current systems (Harvard & Anyoha, 2017). AlphaGo, although wonderful for the board game Go, highlights its limitations. It requires extensive computational resources and can be difficult to interpret the reasoning behind its structured decisions (Sinha, 2017). Lastly, we have ChatGPT, which has evolved substantially from infancy, with extended problems along the way. It can, at times, generate text that is incorrect or even offensive. It may also be difficult to control the output of the model and requires large amounts of training data. The biggest drawback for this system is how much it takes in, incorrectly, and outputs it consequently. Out of these three, I believe that ChatGPT has revolutionized human-computer interaction. Even considering its flaws and inconsistencies it is still a strong system that can be used universally through many challenges and prompts. The heart of the limitations between AlphaGo and The Logic Theorist show that they excel in their fields but are unable to assist in other applications or necessities rendering them the lesser two of the three; however, this is only in comparison to what ChatGPT can do. It seems
to be the most promising system that may eventually engulf the other strengths within the other organized systems, bringing forth a well-rounded system in the years to come. A plethora of AI systems rely on being advantageous for their specific fields, such as the prospective highlights of AlphaGo. It makes me wonder how many more systems we will create or if we will conclusively convolute to creating a well-rounded system that can truly “do it all”. One major company that utilizes OpenAI’s, Chat GPT, is Quizlet. They have recently enlisted a new feature called Q-Chat, which functions as a one-on-one tutor build on OpenAI’s ChatGPT technology (Bayer, 2023). It offers students the “experience of interacting with a personal AI tutor in an effective and controversial way” (Bayer, 2023). This system allows students to specifically highlight what they need assistance with. This material can range from learning different languages to even learning more about machine learning! It’s a great beta system that has truly revolutionized the tutor spectrum for students and educators alike. I believe they use ChatGPT due to its controversy around students and education, as well as its future scalability and overall efficiency. Many people see AI systems to cheat; however, using it in this way allows for students and educators to realize it is a tool such as a calculator. It is unable to answer a prompt if the user does not have one to begin with. Learning to use these systems as advancements in learning will release some of the stigma as well as continue to help develop the AI system further. References Bayer, L. (2023, March). Introducing Q-Chat, the world’s first AI tutor built with OpenAI’s ChatGPT | Quizlet . Quizlet. https://quizlet.com/blog/meet-q-chat Coursera. (2023). What is Artificial Intelligence? Definition, Uses, and Types . Coursera. https://www.coursera.org/articles/what-is-artificial-intelligence Harvard, & Anyoha, R. (2017, August 28). The History of Artificial Intelligence - Science in the News . Science in the News. https://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2017/history-artificial-intelligence/ Sinha, B. (2017, April 5). Google AlphaGo: How a recreational program will change the world - Digital Innovation and Transformation . Digital Innovation and Transformation. https://d3.harvard.edu/platform- digit/submission/google-alphago-how-a-recreational-program-will-change-the-world/ Xu, Y. (2019, March 8). AI Behind AlphaGo: Machine Learning and Neural Network – USC Viterbi School of Engineering . Usc.edu. https://illumin.usc.edu/ai-behind-alphago-machine-learning-and-neural-network/
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