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When a web client requests access to protected resources on a web server, demonstrate the step-by-step implementation of native authentication and authorization services. What are the two most persuasive arguments in favor of using layered protocol architectures? Give specific examples to back up your claim.

Draw a sequence diagram for air ticket reservation which have 6 different classifiers such as User, Mobile Device, WAP Gateway, WebServer, Apache and Database Server. User sends the message Requestflightinfo ( ) to Mobile device and get back reply as Displayflightinfo ( ). Mobile device sends the message of connectthroughWAP( ) to WAP Gateway and receives the message as Sendthroughchannel( ).WAP Gateway sends message Authenticate( ) to Webserver and gets reply as Responseinfo( ).  Apache will get the message to ActivateApache( ) from webserver and receives                WMLcontent ( ).Apache will send ExecuteQuery( ) message to Database Server and receives Retrieveinfo( ).

Hyper Text Transmission Protocol (HTTP) is a simple protocol that can be implemented with small footprint which can be used in different types of content transfer and other types of services.  Given an example of an HTTP Uniform Resource Locator (URL).  List the THREE (3) main components of an HTTP URL, stating how their boundaries are denoted and illustrating each one from your example. To what extent is a URL location transparent?

What are the two most compelling arguments for utilising layered protocols? Give instances to back up your point.

Remember that the TCP/IP protocol suite performs packet reordering and reassembly during the transport phase. For example, firewalls may function on the Internet or the data layer, which is a lower level of abstraction. If a traffic stream is out of order or erased, a stateful inspection firewall will not be able to determine anything about it.

4. The original HTTP protocol used TCP/IP as the underlying protocol. For each page, graphic, or applet, a separate TCP connection was constructed, used, and terminated. This caused several problems: one referred to as the elephant and mice problem and two aspects of connection overhead. Describe both problems. Why were separate connections used? Would UDP rather than TCP be a good alternative? What solution would you propose to these problems to improve HTTP performance?

Describe how the stop-and-wait protocol operates and what it does. What are the most significant issues and limits associated with this protocol? In this instance, you must derive an expression for the link utilization.

In the Internet of Things (IoT) web stack, what function do the protocols UDP and IPV6 serve? What exactly is the difference between a sensor having a static IP address and one that has a dynamically assigned IP address?

When it comes to the process of sending and receiving email over the internet, the three protocols known as SMTP, POP, and IMAP each have their own set of advantages and disadvantages. What are the most significant distinctions between these three protocols? Include specifics about the agents that are present on both the node that is supplying the information and the node that is receiving the information in your explanation.

In class you have been introduced to how network designers organize protocols through layers. Subsequently, you were also introduced to the Internet protocol stack, which consists of five layers: the physical, link, network, transport, and application layers, as a typical example of this layered design. Additionally, it was also brought to your attention that the Internet protocol is not the only protocol stack available. A seven layered protocol stack called the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is also available. In this assignment, you're required to identify the missing and/or merged layers between the two models and discuss their functionalities.

What precisely is meant by the term "Routing," and how does its implementation take place?

One approach that might be used in a mobile network architecture that would allow a datagram sent by the correspondent to reach a destination mobile device is to allow mobile users to maintain their IP addresses as they moved among foreign networks. The foreign network would advertise a highly specific route to the mobile user and use the existing routing infrastructure to propagate this information throughout the network. Scalability is a concern in this approach. Suppose as the mobile user moves from one network to another, the old foreign network withdraws its route as the new foreign network advertises the specific route to the mobile user. Take into consideration how routing information propagates in a distance-vector algorithm or inter-AS routing protocols like BGP. Also think about interdomain routing among networks that span the globe. Are datagrams routed immediately to the new foreign network as soon as the foreign network begins advertising its route?    Would a situation…

When it comes to the expansion of an organization and administrative autonomy, what is the impact of hierarchy, and how can you take use of it to your benefit? The distinctions between intra-AS and inter-AS routing techniques are explained in detail in this article. What is the procedure for hot potato routing?

Consider a 2G - GSM mobile phone which has been turned off for a while. The user turns it on and tries to make a phone call to another mobile phone in the same mobile operator's network which is also a 2G network. Write down ALL messaging between various components of the GSM architecture and the mobile phone being turned on until the call is established (so do not consider the other side of the phone call) in a timeline with appropriate messaging and names of the channels being used. When making a phone call assume that the user fails in the first 2 random- access trials and succeeds on the 3rd random-access trial.

Consider an employee using their computer to send and retrieve email at their workplace.  Only Ethernet networks are used for physical connectivity, but the mail server is located on a separate network.  The employee’s network and the mail server’s network are connected by a single router which also has a connection to the Internet via the workplace’s ISP.   Explain how the employees email client sends and receives emails using the email server, indicating any protocols involved and where any encapsulation/decapsulation occurs as data travels between the client, local mail server, and remote mail servers.