Week02_Assignment_Angelini

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University of Scranton *

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505

Subject

Economics

Date

Feb 20, 2024

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docx

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6

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Hannah Angelini Dr. Petsas IB 505 14 January 2024 1. Suppose that the U.S and Japan are two Ricardian economies. Both countries can produce only two goods; automobiles and computers. The characteristics of each economy are summarized in the following table.   Labor Productivity in Automobiles Labor Productivity in Computers Endowment of labor United States 20 10 100 Japan 15 4 200 You are asked by the CEO to report the following information: a. Graph the production possibility frontier of both countries with computers on the horizontal axis and automobiles on the vertical axis. Please label the axes and calculate the intercepts. Output of automobiles (US) = 20 x 100 = 2000 automobiles Output of automobiles (JAPAN) = 15 x 200 = 3000 automobiles Output of computers (US) = 10 x 100 = 1000 computers Output of computers (JAPAN) = 4 x 200 = 800 computers
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 Production Possibility Frontier US Computers Automobiles 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 Production Possibility Frontier Japan Computers Automobiles b. Identify absolute and comparative advantage of U.S. and Japan. Absolute Advantage: US has an absolute advantage in computer production as compared to Japan (1,000 > 800), and Japan has an absolute advantage in automobile production as compared to the US (3,000 > 2,000). Comparative Advantage: calculate opportunity costs For computers - (divide # of automobiles produced by # of computers produced) US: 2000/1000 = 2 automobiles
JAPAN: 3000/800 = 3.75 automobiles 2 < 3.75, so US has lower opportunity cost of computers US has a comparative advantage with computers in comparison to Japan because the US’s opportunity cost of producing a computer is lower than Japan’s. For automobiles – (divide # of computers produced by # of automobiles produced) US: 1000 / 2000 = 0.5 computers JAPAN: 800 / 3000 = 0.267 computers 0.267 < 0.5, so Japan has lower opportunity cost of automobiles Japan has a comparative advantage with automobiles in comparison to the US because Japan’s opportunity cost of producing an automobile is lower than the US’s. c. Suppose that these two countries engage in free trade. Identify absolute and comparative advantage. Describe the pattern of trade. Explain briefly your reasoning. The pattern of trade would be as follows. Since Japan has an absolute and comparative advantage in producing automobiles, they will produce those and export them, then import computers. For the US it would be the opposite because their absolute and comparative advantage is with computers. The US will produce and export computers, and import autos. d. Suppose that the relative price of computers in terms of automobiles after trade is 3 [units (number) of automobiles per unit (number) of computers]. Using the same diagrams as in question 1a graph the consumption possibility frontier for both countries. Do both countries gain from trade? Yes, both countries mutually gain from trade as the US can enjoy 1,000 more automobiles, and Japan 200 more computers.
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