Chapter 18 Test Bank - Static
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1. The main advantage of debt financing for a firm is that
A. no SEC registration is required for bond issues.
B.
interest expenses are tax deductible.
C. unlevered firms have higher value than levered firms.
D. no SEC registration is required for bond issues, and unlevered firms have higher value than levered firms.
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Difficulty: Intermediate
2. If a firm permanently borrows $100 million at an interest rate of 8 percent, what is the present value of the
interest tax shield? (Assume that the marginal corporate tax rate is 30 percent.)
A. $8 million
B. $5.60 million
C.
$30 million
D. $26.67 million
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Difficulty: Intermediate
3. If a firm borrows $50 million for one year at an interest rate of 10 percent, what is the present value of the
interest tax shield? Assume a 30 percent marginal corporate tax rate.
A.
$1.36 million
B. $1.50 million
C. $1 million
D. $4.55 million
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Difficulty: Challenge
4. In order to find the present value of the tax shields provided by debt, the discount rate used is the
A. cost of capital.
B. cost of equity.
C.
cost of debt.
D. T-bill rate.
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Difficulty: Challenge
5. In order to calculate the tax shields provided by debt, the tax rate used is the
A. average corporate tax rate.
B.
marginal corporate tax rate.
C. average of shareholders' equity tax rates.
D. average of bondholders' personal tax rates.
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Difficulty: Intermediate
6. If a firm permanently borrows $50 million at an interest rate of 10 percent, what is the present value of the
interest tax shield? Assume a 30 percent marginal corporate tax rate.
A. $50 million
B. $25 million
C.
$15 million
D. $1.5 million
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Difficulty: Intermediate
7. If a firm borrows $50 million for one year at an interest rate of 9 percent, what is the present value of the
interest tax shield? Assume a 30 percent marginal corporate tax rate.
A. $50 million
B. $17.50 million
C. $1.45 million
D.
$1.24 million
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Difficulty: Challenge
8. In order to calculate the tax shield of interest payments for a corporation, always use the
A. average corporate tax rate.
B.
marginal corporate tax rate.
C. marginal rate on personal income tax.
D. average corporate tax rate and marginal rate on personal income tax.
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Difficulty: Intermediate
9. If a corporation cannot use its interest payments as a tax shield for a particular year because it has suffered a
loss, it is still possible to use the tax shield because
A. the carry-back provision allows corporations to carry back the loss and receive a tax refund up to the amount
of taxes paid in the previous two years.
B. the carry-forward provision allows corporations to carry forward the loss and use it to shield income in
subsequent years.
C.
the carry-back provision allows corporations to carry back the loss and receive a tax refund up to the amount of
taxes paid in the previous two years and allows corporations to carry forward the loss and use it to shield
income in subsequent years.
D. the firm will lose the tax shield.
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Difficulty: Challenge
10. Why does MM Proposition I not hold in the presence of corporate taxes?
A.
Levered firms pay lower taxes when compared with identical unlevered firms.
B. Bondholders require higher rates of return compared with stockholders.
C. Earnings per share are no longer relevant with taxes.
D. Dividends are no longer relevant with taxes.
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Difficulty: Basic
11. Given corporate taxes, why does adding debt to the capital structure increase firm value?
A.
Extra cash flow goes to the firm's investors rather than the tax authorities.
B. Earnings before interest and taxes are fully taxed at the corporate rate.
C. Personal tax rates are the same as marginal corporate tax rates.
D.
Earnings before interest and taxes are fully taxed at the corporate rate, and personal tax rates are the same
as marginal corporate tax rates.
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Difficulty: Intermediate
12. MM Proposition I with corporate taxes states that
A. capital structure can affect firm value by an amount that is equal to the present value of the interest tax shield.
B. by raising the debt-to-equity ratio, the firm can lower its taxes and thereby increase its total value.
C. firm value is maximized by using an all-equity capital structure.
D.
capital structure can affect firm value by an amount that is equal to the present value of the interest tax
shield; and, by raising the debt-to-equity ratio, the firm can lower its taxes and thereby increase its total
value.
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Difficulty: Challenge
13. Bombay Company's book and market value balance sheets are as follows:
(NWC = net working capital; LTA = long term assets;
D
= debt;
E
= equity;
V
= firm value):
According to MM's Proposition I corrected for taxes, what will be the change in company value if Bombay
issues $200 of equity and uses it to make a permanent reduction in the company's debt? Assume a 35 percent
marginal corporate tax rate.
A. +$140
B. +$70
C. $0
D.
−$70
Difficulty: Challenge
14. MM's Proposition I corrected for the inclusion of corporate income taxes is expressed as
A.
V
L
=
V
U.
B.
V
L
=
V
U
+
D
(1 -
T
C
).
C.
V
L
=
V
U
+ (
T
C
)(
D
).
D.
V
U
=
V
L
+ (
T
C
)(
D
).
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Difficulty: Intermediate
15. Assuming that bonds are sold at a fair price, the benefits from the interest tax shield go to the
A. managers of the firm.
B. bondholders of the firm.
C.
stockholders of the firm.
D. lawyers of the firm.
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Difficulty: Intermediate
16. Assume the marginal corporate tax rate is 30 percent. The firm has no debt in its capital structure. It is valued
at $100 million. What would be the value of the firm if it issued $50 million in perpetual debt and repurchased the
same amount of equity?
A. $65 million
B.
$115 million
C. $100 million
D. $150 million
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Difficulty: Intermediate
17. What is the relative tax advantage of debt? (
T
C
= corporate tax rate;
Tp
E
= personal tax rate on equity
income; and
Tp
= personal tax rate on interest income.)
A.
B.
C.
D.
Difficulty: Intermediate
18. What is the relative tax advantage of debt? Assume that personal and corporate taxes are given by
T
C
=
(corporate tax rate) = 35 percent;
Tp
E
= personal tax rate on equity income = 30 percent; and
Tp
= personal tax
rate on interest income = 20 percent.
A.
1.76
B. 1.16
C. 1.35
D. 0.86
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Difficulty: Challenge
19. For every dollar of operating income paid out as interest, the bondholder realizes
A.
(1 -
Tp
).
B. (1 -
Tp
E
) (1 -
T
C
).
C. (1 -
T
C
).
D. 1/(1 -
T
C
).
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Difficulty: Intermediate
20. For every dollar of operating income paid out as equity income, the shareholder realizes
A. (1 -
Tp
).
B.
(1 -
Tp
E
) (1 -
T
C
).
C. (1 -
T
c
).
D. 1/(1 -
T
P
).
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Difficulty: Intermediate
21. Suppose that a company can direct $1 to either debt interest or capital gains for equity investors. If there were
no personal taxes on capital gains, which of the following investors would not care how the money was
channeled? (The marginal corporate tax rate is 35 percent.)
A. Investors paying personal tax of 17.5 percent
B.
Investors paying personal tax of 35 percent
C. Investors paying personal tax of 53 percent
D. Tax-exempt personal investors
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Difficulty: Challenge
22. In Miller's model, when the quantity (1 -
T
C
)(1 -
Tp
E
) = (1 -
Tp
), then
A. the firm should hold no debt.
B. the value of the levered firm is greater than the value of the unlevered firm.
C.
the tax shield on debt is exactly offset by higher personal taxes paid on interest income.
D. the firm should be financed by 100 percent equity.
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Difficulty: Challenge
23. Suppose that a company can direct $1 to either debt interest or to capital gains for equity investors. The
capital gains tax rate is 15 percent. Which investor would not care how the money is channeled? (The marginal
corporate tax rate is 35 percent.)
A. Investors paying zero personal tax
B. Investors paying a personal tax rate of 53 percent
C. Investors paying a personal tax rate of 17.5 percent
D.
Investors paying a personal tax rate of 45 percent
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Difficulty: Challenge
24. Suppose that your firm's current unlevered value, V*, is $800,000, and its marginal corporate tax rate is 35
percent. Also, you model the firm's PV of financial distress as a function of its debt level according to the
relation: PV of financial distress = 800,000 × (D/V*)2. What is the firm's levered value if it issues $200,000 of
perpetual debt to buy back stock?
A.
$820,000.
B. $869,555.
C. $920,000.
D. $350,000.
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Difficulty: Challenge
25. Compared to a firm with unlimited liability, the limited liability feature of common equity results in a
A. lower present value of the interest tax shield.
B.
higher value to equityholders.
C. leveraged buyout mechanism.
D. higher value to debtholders.
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Difficulty: Basic
26. Firm A and Firm B are identical except that A is incorporated while B is an unlimited liability partnership. Both
have assets worth $500,000 ($500K) funded with a debt ratio of 40 percent. Suppose that the assets suddenly
become worthless. What is the maximum possible loss to the equityholders of each company?
A.
Firm A: $300K; Firm B: $500K
B. Firm A: $200K; Firm B: $300K
C. Firm A: $500K; Firm B: $200K
D. Firm A: $500K; Firm B: $500K
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Difficulty: Intermediate
27. Which of the following entities likely has the highest cost of financial distress?
A.
A pharmaceuticals development company
B. A downtown bayfront hotel
C. A yacht leasing company
D. A real estate investment trust
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Difficulty: Intermediate
28. The MM theory with taxes implies that firms should issue maximum debt. In practice, this is not true because
A. debt is more risky than equity.
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Related Questions
5. Identify the type of specialized investment that each of the following situa-
tions requires.
a. You hire an employee to operate a machine that only your company uses.
b. An aerosol canning company designs a filling line that can be used only for
a particular firm's product.
c. A company builds a manufacturing facility across the street from its pri-
mary buyer.
6. Under what conditions might the Justice Department approve a merger
between two companies that operate in an industry with a premerger Herfindahl-
Hirschman index of 2,900 if the postmerger index is expected to increase
by 225?
arrow_forward
3. Which of the following statements about the characteristics of debt and equities is
true?
C 1) They can both be long-term financial instruments.
2) Bond holders are residual claimants.
3) The income from bonds is typically more variable than that from equities
4) Bonds pay dividends.
5) They both involve a claim on the issuer's income
6) More than one answer is correct.
arrow_forward
1. It involves planning, organizing, directing, and controlling the financial activities such
as procurement and utilization of funds of the business.
2. A formal arrangement between two or more people to manage business operations and
share its profits and liabilities.
3. It is the process of estimating revenue and expenses over a specified period of time.
4. This refers to how much of the total assets is financed by debt and how much is financed
by equity.
5. Function of financial management that determines how to finance working capital
accounts such as accounts receivable and inventories.
arrow_forward
22.
Financial intermediaries develop ________ in things such as computer technology which allows them to lower transactions costs.
Question 22 options:
a)
equity
b)
diversification
c)
regulations
d)
expertise
arrow_forward
1. Financial institutions in the U.S. economy
Suppose Yakov would like to use $6,000 of his savings to make a financial investment.
One way of making a financial investment is to purchase stock or bonds from a private company.
Suppose RoboTroid, a robotics firm, is selling stocks to raise money for a new lab-a practice known as
finance. Buying a share of
RoboTroid stock would give Yakov
the firm. In the event that RoboTroid runs into financial difficulty,
will be paid first.
Suppose Yakov decides to buy 100 shares of RoboTroid stock.
/hich
the following statements are correct? Check all that apply.
O An increase in the perceived profitability of RoboTroid will likely cause the value of Yakov's shares to rise.
O Expectations of a recession that will reduce economywide corporate profits will likely cause the value of Yakov's shares to decline.
O The price of his shares will rise if RoboTroid issues additional shares of stock.
Alternatively, Yakov could make a financial investment by…
arrow_forward
15
arrow_forward
Part II. True or false questions.
1. The ultimate goal of a corporation is to maximize
shareholder value.
2. Under perfect capital market, the weighted average cost
of capital does not change when the firm increases its
leverage.
3. In a capital market with corporate taxes, the unlevered
beta increases with leverage.
4. A bond's interest rate risk increases with coupon rates
and decreases with maturity.
5. A firm in distress can pay out dividends to signal its
prospects.
6. If an investor is risk-neutral, his risk premium for any
given asset is zero.
7. When we introduce a new product, the sales of the old
product might be affected. This is an example of side effect.
8. Sunk costs should be considered when we evaluate a new
project.
9. The P/E ratio can sometimes be unreliable when we use
the comparable firm approach to value a firm.
10. In a world with taxes, a firm's cost of equity capital
increases as the firm takes on more debt.
arrow_forward
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