Chapter 18 Test Bank - Static

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1. The main advantage of debt financing for a firm is that A. no SEC registration is required for bond issues. B. interest expenses are tax deductible. C. unlevered firms have higher value than levered firms. D. no SEC registration is required for bond issues, and unlevered firms have higher value than levered firms. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Difficulty: Intermediate 2. If a firm permanently borrows $100 million at an interest rate of 8 percent, what is the present value of the interest tax shield? (Assume that the marginal corporate tax rate is 30 percent.) A. $8 million B. $5.60 million C. $30 million D. $26.67 million Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Difficulty: Intermediate 3. If a firm borrows $50 million for one year at an interest rate of 10 percent, what is the present value of the interest tax shield? Assume a 30 percent marginal corporate tax rate. A. $1.36 million B. $1.50 million C. $1 million D. $4.55 million Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Difficulty: Challenge 4. In order to find the present value of the tax shields provided by debt, the discount rate used is the A. cost of capital. B. cost of equity. C. cost of debt. D. T-bill rate. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Difficulty: Challenge 5. In order to calculate the tax shields provided by debt, the tax rate used is the A. average corporate tax rate. B. marginal corporate tax rate. C. average of shareholders' equity tax rates. D. average of bondholders' personal tax rates. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Difficulty: Intermediate 6. If a firm permanently borrows $50 million at an interest rate of 10 percent, what is the present value of the interest tax shield? Assume a 30 percent marginal corporate tax rate. A. $50 million B. $25 million C. $15 million
D. $1.5 million Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Difficulty: Intermediate 7. If a firm borrows $50 million for one year at an interest rate of 9 percent, what is the present value of the interest tax shield? Assume a 30 percent marginal corporate tax rate. A. $50 million B. $17.50 million C. $1.45 million D. $1.24 million Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Difficulty: Challenge 8. In order to calculate the tax shield of interest payments for a corporation, always use the A. average corporate tax rate. B. marginal corporate tax rate. C. marginal rate on personal income tax. D. average corporate tax rate and marginal rate on personal income tax. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Difficulty: Intermediate 9. If a corporation cannot use its interest payments as a tax shield for a particular year because it has suffered a loss, it is still possible to use the tax shield because A. the carry-back provision allows corporations to carry back the loss and receive a tax refund up to the amount of taxes paid in the previous two years. B. the carry-forward provision allows corporations to carry forward the loss and use it to shield income in subsequent years. C. the carry-back provision allows corporations to carry back the loss and receive a tax refund up to the amount of taxes paid in the previous two years and allows corporations to carry forward the loss and use it to shield income in subsequent years. D. the firm will lose the tax shield. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Difficulty: Challenge 10. Why does MM Proposition I not hold in the presence of corporate taxes? A. Levered firms pay lower taxes when compared with identical unlevered firms. B. Bondholders require higher rates of return compared with stockholders. C. Earnings per share are no longer relevant with taxes. D. Dividends are no longer relevant with taxes. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Difficulty: Basic 11. Given corporate taxes, why does adding debt to the capital structure increase firm value? A. Extra cash flow goes to the firm's investors rather than the tax authorities. B. Earnings before interest and taxes are fully taxed at the corporate rate. C. Personal tax rates are the same as marginal corporate tax rates. D. Earnings before interest and taxes are fully taxed at the corporate rate, and personal tax rates are the same as marginal corporate tax rates. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Difficulty: Intermediate 12. MM Proposition I with corporate taxes states that
A. capital structure can affect firm value by an amount that is equal to the present value of the interest tax shield. B. by raising the debt-to-equity ratio, the firm can lower its taxes and thereby increase its total value. C. firm value is maximized by using an all-equity capital structure. D. capital structure can affect firm value by an amount that is equal to the present value of the interest tax shield; and, by raising the debt-to-equity ratio, the firm can lower its taxes and thereby increase its total value. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Difficulty: Challenge 13. Bombay Company's book and market value balance sheets are as follows: (NWC = net working capital; LTA = long term assets; D = debt; E = equity; V = firm value): According to MM's Proposition I corrected for taxes, what will be the change in company value if Bombay issues $200 of equity and uses it to make a permanent reduction in the company's debt? Assume a 35 percent marginal corporate tax rate. A. +$140 B. +$70 C. $0 D. −$70 Difficulty: Challenge 14. MM's Proposition I corrected for the inclusion of corporate income taxes is expressed as A. V L = V U. B. V L = V U + D (1 - T C ). C. V L = V U + ( T C )( D ). D. V U = V L + ( T C )( D ). Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Difficulty: Intermediate 15. Assuming that bonds are sold at a fair price, the benefits from the interest tax shield go to the A. managers of the firm. B. bondholders of the firm. C. stockholders of the firm. D. lawyers of the firm. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Difficulty: Intermediate 16. Assume the marginal corporate tax rate is 30 percent. The firm has no debt in its capital structure. It is valued at $100 million. What would be the value of the firm if it issued $50 million in perpetual debt and repurchased the same amount of equity? A. $65 million B. $115 million C. $100 million D. $150 million Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Difficulty: Intermediate
17. What is the relative tax advantage of debt? ( T C = corporate tax rate; Tp E = personal tax rate on equity income; and Tp = personal tax rate on interest income.) A. B. C. D. Difficulty: Intermediate 18. What is the relative tax advantage of debt? Assume that personal and corporate taxes are given by T C = (corporate tax rate) = 35 percent; Tp E = personal tax rate on equity income = 30 percent; and Tp = personal tax rate on interest income = 20 percent. A. 1.76 B. 1.16 C. 1.35 D. 0.86 Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Difficulty: Challenge 19. For every dollar of operating income paid out as interest, the bondholder realizes A. (1 - Tp ). B. (1 - Tp E ) (1 - T C ). C. (1 - T C ). D. 1/(1 - T C ). Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Difficulty: Intermediate 20. For every dollar of operating income paid out as equity income, the shareholder realizes A. (1 - Tp ). B. (1 - Tp E ) (1 - T C ). C. (1 - T c ). D. 1/(1 - T P ). Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Difficulty: Intermediate 21. Suppose that a company can direct $1 to either debt interest or capital gains for equity investors. If there were no personal taxes on capital gains, which of the following investors would not care how the money was channeled? (The marginal corporate tax rate is 35 percent.) A. Investors paying personal tax of 17.5 percent B. Investors paying personal tax of 35 percent C. Investors paying personal tax of 53 percent D. Tax-exempt personal investors Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Difficulty: Challenge 22. In Miller's model, when the quantity (1 - T C )(1 - Tp E ) = (1 - Tp ), then A. the firm should hold no debt. B. the value of the levered firm is greater than the value of the unlevered firm. C. the tax shield on debt is exactly offset by higher personal taxes paid on interest income. D. the firm should be financed by 100 percent equity. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Difficulty: Challenge
23. Suppose that a company can direct $1 to either debt interest or to capital gains for equity investors. The capital gains tax rate is 15 percent. Which investor would not care how the money is channeled? (The marginal corporate tax rate is 35 percent.) A. Investors paying zero personal tax B. Investors paying a personal tax rate of 53 percent C. Investors paying a personal tax rate of 17.5 percent D. Investors paying a personal tax rate of 45 percent Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Difficulty: Challenge 24. Suppose that your firm's current unlevered value, V*, is $800,000, and its marginal corporate tax rate is 35 percent. Also, you model the firm's PV of financial distress as a function of its debt level according to the relation: PV of financial distress = 800,000 × (D/V*)2. What is the firm's levered value if it issues $200,000 of perpetual debt to buy back stock? A. $820,000. B. $869,555. C. $920,000. D. $350,000. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Difficulty: Challenge 25. Compared to a firm with unlimited liability, the limited liability feature of common equity results in a A. lower present value of the interest tax shield. B. higher value to equityholders. C. leveraged buyout mechanism. D. higher value to debtholders. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Difficulty: Basic 26. Firm A and Firm B are identical except that A is incorporated while B is an unlimited liability partnership. Both have assets worth $500,000 ($500K) funded with a debt ratio of 40 percent. Suppose that the assets suddenly become worthless. What is the maximum possible loss to the equityholders of each company? A. Firm A: $300K; Firm B: $500K B. Firm A: $200K; Firm B: $300K C. Firm A: $500K; Firm B: $200K D. Firm A: $500K; Firm B: $500K Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Difficulty: Intermediate 27. Which of the following entities likely has the highest cost of financial distress? A. A pharmaceuticals development company B. A downtown bayfront hotel C. A yacht leasing company D. A real estate investment trust Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Difficulty: Intermediate 28. The MM theory with taxes implies that firms should issue maximum debt. In practice, this is not true because A. debt is more risky than equity.
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